Abstract
Pot greenhouse experiments were carried out to attempt to increase the salinity tolerance of one of the most popular legume of the world; cowpea; by using dual inoculation of an Am fungus Glomus clarum and a nitrogen-fixer Azospirillum brasilense. The effect of these beneficial microbes, as single- or dual inoculation-treatments, was assessed in sterilized loamy sand soil at five NaCl levels (0.0~7.2 ds/m) in irrigating water. The results of this study revealed that percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB. Plants inoculated with NFB showed higher nodule numbers, protein content, nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activities than those of non-inoculated at all salinity levels. Mycorrhized plants exhibited better improvement in all measurements than that of non-mycorrhized ones at all salinity levels, especially, in the presence of NFB. The concentration of Na(+) was significantly accumulated in cowpea plants by rising salinity except in shoots of mycorrhizal plants which had K(+)/Na(+) ratios higher than other treatments. This study indicated that dual inoculation with Am fungi and N-fixer Azospirillum can support both needs for N and P, excess of NaCl and will be useful in terms of soil recovery in saline area.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased mycorrhizal infection percentage, plant height and dry weight in non-mycorrhized cowpea plants without nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- increasing salinity levele0
- Outcome
- percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased nodule number and protein content in non-mycorrhized cowpea plants without nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levele0
- Outcome
- nodule number, protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased nitrogenase and phosphatase activities in non-mycorrhized cowpea plants without nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levele0
- Outcome
- nitrogenase and phosphatase activitiese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased N, P and K contents in non-mycorrhized cowpea plants without nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levele0
- Outcome
- N, P, Ke0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity significantly decreased Ca and Mg contents in non-mycorrhized cowpea plants without nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- increasing salinity levele0
- Outcome
- Ca, Mge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFBe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“percentage of mycorrhizal infection, plant height, dry weight, nodule number, protein content, nitrogenase and phosphatase activities, as well as nutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg were significantly decreased by increasing salinity level in non-mycorrhized plants in absence of NFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea plants inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria had higher nodule numbers and protein content than non-inoculated plants at all salinity levels.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with NFBe0
- Interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nodule numbers, protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at all salinity levelse0
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“Plants inoculated with NFB showed higher nodule numbers, protein content, nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activities than those of non-inoculated at all salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Cowpea plants inoculated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria had higher nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activities than non-inoculated plants at all salinity levels.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with NFBe0
- Interactor
- NFBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- at all salinity levelse0
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“Plants inoculated with NFB showed higher nodule numbers, protein content, nitrogen concentration and nitrogenase activities than those of non-inoculated at all salinity levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhized cowpea plants showed better improvement in all measurements than non-mycorrhized plants at all salinity levels, especially in the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhized plantse0
- Outcome
- improvement in all measurementse0
- Direction
- better improvemente0
- Qualifier
- at all salinity levels, especially, in the presence of NFBe0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhized onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“Mycorrhized plants exhibited better improvement in all measurements than that of non-mycorrhized ones at all salinity levels, especially, in the presence of NFB”
Claim · model-written summary
Na+ concentration accumulated significantly in cowpea plants as salinity rose.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- rising salinitye0
- Outcome
- concentration of Na(+)e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of Na(+) was significantly accumulated in cowpea plants by rising salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoots of mycorrhizal cowpea plants had higher K+/Na+ ratios than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal plantse0
- Outcome
- K(+)/Na(+) ratiose0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“shoots of mycorrhizal plants which had K(+)/Na(+) ratios higher than other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that dual inoculation with Am fungi and Azospirillum can supply N and P needs and cope with excess NaCl, and will aid soil recovery in saline areas.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation with Am fungi and N-fixer Azospirillume0
- Interactor
- Am fungiGlomeromycotae0symbiont
- Second interactor
- N-fixer Azospirillume0symbiont
- Outcome
- soil recovery in saline areae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cowpea Plants”
e0“dual inoculation with Am fungi and N-fixer Azospirillum can support both needs for N and P, excess of NaCl and will be useful in terms of soil recovery in saline area”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.