Abstract
Abstract Cowpea and kidney bean plants were grown in a hydroponic system, and the effect of calcium silicate supplied to the nutrient solution under salt stress was investigated. The plants were subjected to four different treatments: (1) nutrient solution alone (C), (2) nutrient solution + 40 mmol l −1 NaCl (NaCl), (3) nutrient solution + 40 mmol l −1 NaCl + 0.5 mmol l −1 CaSiO 3 (NaCl + Si 1 ) and (4) nutrient solution + 40 mmol l −1 NaCl+1 mmol l −1 CaSiO 3 (NaCl + Si 2 ). The results showed that, in both species, salinity reduced all growth variables but silicate supplementation however partly overcame this growth reduction. Addition of silicate in NaCl‐stressed plants maintained membrane permeability. Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher in plants under control treatment, and the inclusion of silicate in the nutrient solution resulted in a slight increase in these plant parameters. Intercellular CO 2 was slightly higher in plants under silicate treatment than in plants under control or NaCl treatment. Calcium concentration in shoots and roots in both species was slightly higher in the treatments where silicate was added. Potassium concentration for salt treatment was reduced in shoot and root of both species in the absence of silicate. Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and roots in both species were slightly higher in the presence of NaCl and were slightly reduced in the plants under silicate treatments. The results suggest that, in hydroponically grown plants, the inclusion of silicate in the nutrient solution is beneficial because it improves growth, physiological parameters and may contribute to a more balanced nutrition by enhancing nutrient uptake under NaCl‐stressed conditions. Added calcium silicate may ameliorate the parameters affected by high salinity, may reduce sodium and chloride, and can slightly increase calcium and potassium concentrations in shoots and roots of salt‐stressed cowpea and kidney bean.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
salinity reduced growth variables in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- growth variablese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity reduced all growth variables but silicate supplementation however partly overcame this growth reduction.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate supplementation partly overcame growth variables in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- silicate supplementatione0
- Outcome
- growth variablese0
- Direction
- partly overcamee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity reduced all growth variables but silicate supplementation however partly overcame this growth reduction.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of silicate maintained membrane permeability in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Addition of silicatee0
- Outcome
- membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of silicate in NaCl‐stressed plants maintained membrane permeability.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate treatment slightly higher Intercellular CO 2 in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- silicate treatmente0
- Outcome
- Intercellular CO 2e0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercellular CO 2 was slightly higher in plants under silicate treatment than in plants under control or NaCl treatment.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate slightly higher Calcium concentration in shoots and roots in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- silicatee0
- Outcome
- Calcium concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium concentration in shoots and roots in both species was slightly higher in the treatments where silicate was added.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
salt treatment reduced Potassium concentration in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- Potassium concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium concentration for salt treatment was reduced in shoot and root of both species in the absence of silicate.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate treatments slightly reduced Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and roots in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- silicate treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- slightly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and roots in both species were slightly higher in the presence of NaCl and were slightly reduced in the plants under silicate treatments.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
inclusion of silicate slight increase Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance in Cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inclusion of silicatee0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- slight increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher in plants under control treatment, and the inclusion of silicate in the nutrient solution resulted in a slight increase in these plant parameters.”
t0“Cowpea and kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
salinity reduced growth variables in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- growth variablese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity reduced all growth variables but silicate supplementation however partly overcame this growth reduction.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate supplementation partly overcame growth variables in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- silicate supplementatione0
- Outcome
- growth variablese0
- Direction
- partly overcamee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity reduced all growth variables but silicate supplementation however partly overcame this growth reduction.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Addition of silicate maintained membrane permeability in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Addition of silicatee0
- Outcome
- membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- maintainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of silicate in NaCl‐stressed plants maintained membrane permeability.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate treatment slightly higher Intercellular CO 2 in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- silicate treatmente0
- Outcome
- Intercellular CO 2e0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercellular CO 2 was slightly higher in plants under silicate treatment than in plants under control or NaCl treatment.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate slightly higher Calcium concentration in shoots and roots in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- silicatee0
- Outcome
- Calcium concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium concentration in shoots and roots in both species was slightly higher in the treatments where silicate was added.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
salt treatment reduced Potassium concentration in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- Potassium concentratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium concentration for salt treatment was reduced in shoot and root of both species in the absence of silicate.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
silicate treatments slightly reduced Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and roots in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- silicate treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- slightly reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium and chloride concentration in shoots and roots in both species were slightly higher in the presence of NaCl and were slightly reduced in the plants under silicate treatments.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
inclusion of silicate slight increase Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance in kidney bean.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- inclusion of silicatee0
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- slight increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Net photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and transpiration were higher in plants under control treatment, and the inclusion of silicate in the nutrient solution resulted in a slight increase in these plant parameters.”
t0“kidney bean plants”
The same questions in other papers
silicate(4-) · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicate(4-) · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
silicate(4-) · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
silicate(4-) · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
salinity · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →salinity · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results differ
56 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →salinity · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results differ
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
67 papers more in this group
See all 71 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
14 papers more in this group
See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.