Abstract
Humic acid (HA) and potassium silicate (PS) are bio stimulants that can improve cowpea growth and yield under water deficit conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of using 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS in improving the Vigna unguiculata, cvs. Sudany and Dokii 331 growth and yield under water deficit conditions. The experiment was conducted in split-split plot with three replications. during two successive growing seasons and irrigation intervals, treatments (5, 10 and 15 days (100, 80 and 50% irrigation requirements) were assigned to the main plots, cowpea genotypes (Sudany and Dokii331) were assigned to the sub-plots, and bio stimulants (Control (distilled water), HA and PS at 500 mg L-1) were assigned to the sub- subplot. In this study, the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar. PS also increased electrode leakage (EL) and relative water content (RWC), increasing plant water stress tolerance. HA improved soil properties, including organic matter, total N, available P and K, and dry matter, while decreasing calcium carbonate content, salinity, and pH. Overall, the study found that PS and HA can improve cowpea growth and yield under water deficit conditions, but PS is more effective for the Sudany cultivar and HA is more effective for soil improvement.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid increased cowpea plant height, root length, and leaf area under water deficit.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Material
- Sudanye0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 HAe0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate increased cowpea plant height, root length, and leaf area under water deficit.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Sudanye0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 PSe0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid increased cowpea branch number and fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 HAe0
- Outcome
- number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate increased cowpea branch number and fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 PSe0
- Outcome
- number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid increased cowpea pod length, pod number, and 100-seed weight.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 HAe0
- Outcome
- pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate increased cowpea pod length, pod number, and 100-seed weight.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 PSe0
- Outcome
- pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seedse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid increased cowpea seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 HAe0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate increased cowpea seed yield per plant.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- 500 mg L-1 PSe0
- Outcome
- seed yield per plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 500 mg L-1 HA and 500 mg L-1 PS significantly increased plant height, root length, leaf area, number of branches, fresh and dry weights per plant, pod length, number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and seed yield per plant, especially in the Sudany cultivar”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate increased electrode leakage and relative water content.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- PSe0
- Outcome
- electrode leakage (EL) and relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PS also increased electrode leakage (EL) and relative water content (RWC), increasing plant water stress tolerance”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium silicate increased cowpea water stress tolerance.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- PSe0
- Outcome
- plant water stress tolerancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PS also increased electrode leakage (EL) and relative water content (RWC), increasing plant water stress tolerance”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus and potassium.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- HAe0
- Outcome
- organic matter, total N, available P and Ke0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HA improved soil properties, including organic matter, total N, available P and K, and dry matter”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid improved soil dry matter.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- HAe0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HA improved soil properties, including organic matter, total N, available P and K, and dry matter”
t0“cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic acid decreased soil calcium carbonate content, salinity, and pH.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“while decreasing calcium carbonate content, salinity, and pH”
e1“HA improved soil properties, including organic matter, total N, available P and K, and dry matter”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found potassium silicate more effective for Sudany and humic acid more effective for soil improvement.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Material
- Sudanye0
- Outcome
- more effective for the Sudany cultivare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PS is more effective for the Sudany cultivar and HA is more effective for soil improvement”
t0“cowpea plants”
The same questions in other papers
silicate(4-) · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
silicate(4-) · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
other · nutrient: content · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →other · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →potassium · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →other · growth · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →potassium · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.