Abstract
Abstract The effect of photoperiod duration on efficiency of low-temperature hardening was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants, ecotype Col-0. Six-week-old plants were exposed to cold acclimation at a temperature of 2°С during 1‒5 days at photoperiods of 0, 8, and 16 h (illuminance of 200 µmol/(m2 s)). According to survival data and leakage of electrolytes after test freezing (–6°C, 24 h), the plants exposed to cold acclimation in the dark did not show frost resistance. The plants hardened in the light (irrespective of the length of photoperiod) considerably improved their frost resistance by the end of the cold-acclimation period. Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratio in these plants was almost two times greater than in control material (without hardening). The plants exposed to a 16-h-long photoperiod surpassed the type of treatment with 8-h-long illumination both in the highest levels of accumulation of sugars (by almost 40%) and in the rate of reaching these levels in daily dynamics of hardening. It was shown that MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light and did not change in the dark, which may point to a signal role of lipid peroxidation products upon cold acclimation. It was discovered that the photoperiod duration affected the formation rate of frost resistance in A. thaliana plants. A more prolonged operation of A. thaliana’s photosynthetic apparatus at 16-h-long photoperiod considerably accelerated the accumulation of sugars upon cold acclimation and, therefore, hastened development of frost resistance as compared with an 8-h-long photoperiod. It was concluded that rapid formation of frost resistance in A. thaliana requires a combination of low above-zero temperature and 16-h-long photoperiod.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation in the dark did not give Arabidopsis thaliana plants frost resistance, judged by survival and electrolyte leakage after test freezing.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- cold acclimation in the darke1
- Outcome
- frost resistancee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“the plants exposed to cold acclimation in the dark did not show frost resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants hardened in the light, irrespective of photoperiod length, considerably improved their frost resistance by the end of cold acclimation compared with non-hardened control material.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hardened in the lighte1
- Outcome
- frost resistancee1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Comparator
- control material (without hardening)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“The plants hardened in the light (irrespective of the length of photoperiod) considerably improved their frost resistance by the end of the cold-acclimation period”
e2“Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratio in these plants was almost two times greater than in control material (without hardening)”
Claim · model-written summary
Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratio in plants hardened in the light was almost two times greater than in non-hardened control material.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hardened in the lighte2
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratioe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- almost two timese1
- Comparator
- control material (without hardening)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratio in these plants was almost two times greater than in control material (without hardening)”
e2“The plants hardened in the light”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hardening in the lighte1
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- rosee1
- Qualifier
- during the first 24 h of hardeninge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light and did not change in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content did not change during hardening in the dark.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- in the darke1
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- did not changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light and did not change in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA-based lipid peroxidation products may act as a signal during cold acclimation (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Compound
- lipid peroxidation productse2
- Outcome
- signal role of lipid peroxidation productse2
- Qualifier
- may point toe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e2“which may point to a signal role of lipid peroxidation products upon cold acclimation”
Claim · model-written summary
Photoperiod duration affected the formation rate of frost resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- photoperiod duratione3
- Outcome
- formation rate of frost resistancee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e3“It was discovered that the photoperiod duration affected the formation rate of frost resistance in A. thaliana plants”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16-h photoperiod considerably accelerated sugar accumulation during cold acclimation, compared with an 8-h photoperiod.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- 16-h-long photoperiode4
- Outcome
- accumulation of sugarse4
- Direction
- acceleratede4
- Comparator
- 8-h-long photoperiode5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e4“at 16-h-long photoperiod considerably accelerated the accumulation of sugars upon cold acclimation”
e5“as compared with an 8-h-long photoperiod”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants at a 16-h photoperiod reached the highest levels of sugar accumulation, by almost 40%, surpassing the 8-h illumination treatment.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- 16-h-long photoperiode6
- Outcome
- highest levels of accumulation of sugarse6
- Direction
- surpassede6
- Value
- by almost 40%e6
- Comparator
- 8-h-long illuminatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e6“The plants exposed to a 16-h-long photoperiod surpassed the type of treatment with 8-h-long illumination both in the highest levels of accumulation of sugars (by almost 40%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants at a 16-h photoperiod surpassed the 8-h treatment in the rate of reaching peak sugar levels during daily hardening dynamics.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- 16-h-long photoperiode6
- Outcome
- rate of reaching these levels in daily dynamics of hardeninge7
- Direction
- surpassede6
- Comparator
- 8-h-long illuminatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e6“The plants exposed to a 16-h-long photoperiod surpassed the type of treatment with 8-h-long illumination both in the highest levels of accumulation of sugars (by almost 40%)”
e7“and in the rate of reaching these levels in daily dynamics of hardening”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16-h photoperiod hastened the development of frost resistance compared with an 8-h photoperiod.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- 16-h-long photoperiode4
- Outcome
- development of frost resistancee5
- Direction
- hastenede5
- Comparator
- 8-h-long photoperiode5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e4“at 16-h-long photoperiod considerably accelerated the accumulation of sugars upon cold acclimation”
e5“hastened development of frost resistance as compared with an 8-h-long photoperiod”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid formation of frost resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana requires a combination of low above-zero temperature and a 16-h photoperiod (author conclusion).
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- a combination of low above-zero temperature and 16-h-long photoperiode1
- Outcome
- rapid formation of frost resistancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“rapid formation of frost resistance in A. thaliana requires a combination of low above-zero temperature and 16-h-long photoperiod”
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