Abstract
The effect of photoperiod duration on efficiency of low-temperature hardening was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants, ecotype Col-0. Six-week-old plants were exposed to cold acclimation at a temperature of 2С during 1‒5 days at photoperiods of 0, 8, and 16 h (illuminance of 200 mol/(m2 s)). According to survival data and leakage of electrolytes after test freezing (6C, 24 h), the plants exposed to cold acclimation in the dark did not show frost resistance. The plants hardened in the light (irrespective of the length of photoperiod) considerably improved their frost resistance by the end of the cold-acclimation period. Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratio in these plants was almost two times greater than in control material (without hardening). The plants exposed to a 16-h-long photoperiod surpassed the type of treatment with 8-h-long illumination both in the highest levels of accumulation of sugars (by almost 40%) and in the rate of reaching these levels in daily dynamics of hardening. It was shown that MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light and did not change in the dark, which may point to a signal role of lipid peroxidation products upon cold acclimation. It was discovered that the photoperiod duration affected the formation rate of frost resistance in A. thaliana plants. A more prolonged operation of A. thalianas photosynthetic apparatus at 16-h-long photoperiod considerably accelerated the accumulation of sugars upon cold acclimation and, therefore, hastened development of frost resistance as compared with an 8-h-long photoperiod. It was concluded that rapid formation of frost resistance in A. thaliana requires a combination of low above-zero temperature and 16-h-long photoperiod.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Cold acclimation in darkness did not confer frost resistance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- cold acclimation in the darke1
- Outcome
- frost resistancee1
- Direction
- did not showe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“the plants exposed to cold acclimation in the dark did not show frost resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Light during hardening considerably improved frost resistance by the end of acclimation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hardened in the lighte1
- Outcome
- frost resistancee1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“The plants hardened in the light (irrespective of the length of photoperiod) considerably improved their frost resistance by the end of the cold-acclimation period.”
Claim · model-written summary
The photosynthesis to respiration ratio after light hardening was almost twice that of unhardened controls.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hardened in the lighte2
- Outcome
- Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratioe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- almost two timese1
- Comparator
- control material (without hardening)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“Net photosynthesis/dark respiration ratio in these plants was almost two times greater than in control material (without hardening).”
e2“The plants hardened in the light”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16 h photoperiod produced almost 40% greater sugar accumulation than 8 h illumination.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- 16-h-long photoperiode1
- Outcome
- levels of accumulation of sugarse1
- Direction
- surpassede1
- Value
- almost 40%e1
- Comparator
- 8-h-long illuminatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“The plants exposed to a 16-h-long photoperiod surpassed the type of treatment with 8-h-long illumination both in the highest levels of accumulation of sugars (by almost 40%) and in the rate of reaching these levels in daily dynamics of hardening.”
Claim · model-written summary
A 16 h photoperiod reached peak sugar accumulation faster than 8 h illumination.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- 16-h-long photoperiode1
- Outcome
- rate of reaching these levelse1
- Direction
- surpassede1
- Comparator
- 8-h-long illuminatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“The plants exposed to a 16-h-long photoperiod surpassed the type of treatment with 8-h-long illumination both in the highest levels of accumulation of sugars (by almost 40%) and in the rate of reaching these levels in daily dynamics of hardening.”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content rose transiently during the first 24 h of light hardening.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- hardening in the lighte1
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- rosee1
- Qualifier
- first 24 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light and did not change in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
MDA content did not change during dark hardening.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- in the darke1
- Outcome
- MDA contente1
- Direction
- did not changee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“MDA content transiently rose during the first 24 h of hardening in the light and did not change in the dark”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose lipid peroxidation products as signals in cold acclimation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.Arabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- cold acclimatione1
- Qualifier
- signal role of lipid peroxidation productse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants”
e1“which may point to a signal role of lipid peroxidation products upon cold acclimation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that rapid frost resistance formation requires low above zero temperature with a 16 h photoperiod.
- Taxon
- A. thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Outcome
- combination of low above-zero temperature and 16-h-long photoperiode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. thaliana requires a combination of low above-zero temperature and 16-h-long photoperiod”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.