Abstract
One of the major factors significantly modifying plant physiology and ultimately causing a loss in crop productivity is water deficiency stress. Plant-based pigments are highly effective in enhancing growth and reducing the consequences of water stress. The present study aimed to identify the effects of copper chlorophyllin (Cu-Chl) at rates of 0, 1, and 2% on the growth, yield, and physiological traits of spinach plants of the variety Viroflay grown under three irrigation levels of 100%, 75%, and 50% crop evapotranspiration rates (ETc) in the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons. In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced plant growth parameters (height, leaf number, leaf area, and fresh and dry weight), yield, relative water content (RWC), leaf membrane stability index (MSI), electrolyte leakage (EL), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, Fe, and Cu content. However, the nitrate and oxalate content increased in the plants. All studied values were significantly higher except nitrate and oxalate content which were lower with Cu-Chl application, in comparison with those without Cu-Chl application. The present work demonstrated that the adverse effects of water deficit on growth, yield, plant water status, and photosynthetic pigments of spinach plants could be alleviated when using Cu-Chl application.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 50% ETc reduced spinach height, leaf number and leaf area compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- Spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- height, leaf number, leaf areae2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“plant growth parameters (height, leaf number, leaf area”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 50% ETc reduced spinach fresh and dry weight compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weighte2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“fresh and dry weight”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 50% ETc reduced spinach yield compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“fresh and dry weight), yield”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 50% ETc reduced relative water content, membrane stability index and electrolyte leakage compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC), leaf membrane stability index (MSI), electrolyte leakage (EL)e2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“relative water content (RWC), leaf membrane stability index (MSI), electrolyte leakage (EL)”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 50% ETc reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoidse2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation at 50% ETc reduced Fe and Cu content compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- Fe, and Cu contente2
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“Fe, and Cu content”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate and oxalate content increased in spinach under 50% ETc deficit irrigation compared with full irrigation.
- Taxon
- SpinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with 50% ETce1
- Outcome
- nitrate and oxalate contente2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- full irrigation (100% ETc)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In comparison with full irrigation (100% ETc), deficit irrigation with 50% ETc drastically reduced”
e2“the nitrate and oxalate content increased in the plants”
t0“Spinach Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper chlorophyllin application gave significantly higher values of all studied traits than no application, except nitrate and oxalate.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae2
- Material
- Viroflaye2
- Treatment
- Cu-Chl applicatione1
- Outcome
- All studied valuese1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- those without Cu-Chl applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All studied values were significantly higher except nitrate and oxalate content which were lower with Cu-Chl application, in comparison with those without Cu-Chl application”
e2“spinach plants of the variety Viroflay”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper chlorophyllin application lowered nitrate and oxalate content in spinach compared with no application.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae2
- Material
- Viroflaye2
- Treatment
- Cu-Chl applicatione1
- Outcome
- nitrate and oxalate contente1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- those without Cu-Chl applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“All studied values were significantly higher except nitrate and oxalate content which were lower with Cu-Chl application, in comparison with those without Cu-Chl application”
e2“spinach plants of the variety Viroflay”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.