Abstract
It is known that leafy vegetables including spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) contain relatively high amount of water, therefore, their water requirement during the life cycle is comparatively more than the other vegetables. In addition, there is an association between osmoprotection and antioxidants with reference to drought stress tolerance. Keeping in mind these facts, the present study was conducted to assess the changes in plant growth, osmoprotectants, chlorophyll pigments and activities/levels of antioxidative system in spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) grown under varying water deficit regimes with 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% field capacity (FC). Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot plus root lengths, and chlorophyll b contents of spinach plants. Increase in proline, glycinebetaine (GB), total phenolics, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were observed in the spinach plants particularly at 40% FC. The most effective level of water stress for elevating the proline, GB and antioxidant levels/ activities was observed at 40% FC followed by 60% FC. Hence, the results of this study suggested that upregulation of antioxidants and osmoprotectants is positively associated with the drought tolerance of spinach which depends on the severity of water stress level. These results can be used to narrow the gap between selection of plant species and requirement of irrigated water for the crops grown on dry land areas.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly reduced spinach shoot and root fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- varying water regimese0
- Outcome
- shoot and root fresh and dry weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot plus root lengths, and chlorophyll b contents of spinach plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly reduced spinach shoot and root lengths.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- varying water regimese0
- Outcome
- shoot plus root lengthse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot plus root lengths, and chlorophyll b contents of spinach plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit significantly reduced spinach chlorophyll b content.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- varying water regimese0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot plus root lengths, and chlorophyll b contents of spinach plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach proline and glycinebetaine increased, particularly at 40% field capacity.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- proline, glycinebetaine (GB)e0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 40% FCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in proline, glycinebetaine (GB), total phenolics, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were observed in the spinach plants particularly at 40% FC.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach total phenolics, ascorbic acid, and MDA increased, particularly at 40% field capacity.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- total phenolics, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) contentse0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 40% FCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in proline, glycinebetaine (GB), total phenolics, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were observed in the spinach plants particularly at 40% FC.”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinach superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities increased, particularly at 40% field capacity.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalasee0
- Direction
- Increasee0
- Qualifier
- particularly at 40% FCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increase in proline, glycinebetaine (GB), total phenolics, ascorbic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were observed in the spinach plants particularly at 40% FC.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 40% field capacity regime elevated osmoprotectants and antioxidants most, followed by 60%.
- Treatment
- 40% FCe0
- Outcome
- proline, GB and antioxidant levels/ activitiese0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Comparator
- 60% FCe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The most effective level of water stress for elevating the proline, GB and antioxidant levels/ activities was observed at 40% FC followed by 60% FC.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associate antioxidant and osmoprotectant upregulation with drought tolerance dependent on stress severity.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceae0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- positively associatede0
- Qualifier
- severity of water stress levele0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upregulation of antioxidants and osmoprotectants is positively associated with the drought tolerance of spinach which depends on the severity of water stress level.”
The same questions in other papers
irrigation · growth · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 13 papers →irrigation · physiology: pigments · Spinacia oleracea (spinach)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.