Abstract
Since water scarcity is one of the main risks for the future of agriculture, studying the ability of different wheat genotypes to tolerate a water deficit is fundamental. This study examined the responses of two hybrid wheat varieties (Gizda and Fermer) with different drought resistance to moderate (3 days) and severe (7 days) drought stress, as well as their post-stress recovery to understand their underlying defense strategies and adaptive mechanisms in more detail. To this end, the dehydration-induced alterations in the electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigment content, membrane fluidity, energy interaction between pigment-protein complexes, primary photosynthetic reactions, photosynthetic and stress-induced proteins, and antioxidant responses were analyzed in order to unravel the different physiological and biochemical strategies of both wheat varieties. The results demonstrated that Gizda plants are more tolerant to severe dehydration compared to Fermer, as evidenced by the lower decrease in leaf water and pigment content, lower inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and dissipation of thermal energy, as well as lower dehydrins' content. Some of defense mechanisms by which Gizda variety can tolerate drought stress involve the maintenance of decreased chlorophyll content in leaves, increased fluidity of the thylakoid membranes causing structural alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as dehydration-induced accumulation of early light-induced proteins (ELIPs), an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transport and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and APX), thus alleviating oxidative damage. Furthermore, the leaf content of total phenols, flavonoids, and lipid-soluble antioxidant metabolites was higher in Gizda than in Fermer.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda tolerated severe dehydration better than Fermer.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Gizdae0
- Treatment
- severe dehydratione0
- Outcome
- tolerante0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- Fermere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gizda plants are more tolerant to severe dehydration compared to Fermer”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda had a smaller decrease in leaf water content under severe dehydration than Fermer.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gizdae0
- Treatment
- severe dehydratione0
- Outcome
- leaf watere0
- Direction
- lower decreasee0
- Comparator
- Fermere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gizda plants are more tolerant to severe dehydration compared to Fermer, as evidenced by the lower decrease in leaf water and pigment content”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda had a smaller decrease in pigment content under severe dehydration than Fermer.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- pigment contente0
- Direction
- lower decreasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower decrease in leaf water and pigment content”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda had less PSII photochemistry inhibition and thermal energy dissipation than Fermer.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and dissipation of thermal energye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower inhibition of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and dissipation of thermal energy”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda had lower dehydrin content than Fermer.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- dehydrins' contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower dehydrins' content”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda maintained reduced leaf chlorophyll under drought.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maintenance of decreased chlorophyll content in leaves”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda had increased thylakoid membrane fluidity linked to photosynthetic structural changes.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- fluidity of the thylakoid membranese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased fluidity of the thylakoid membranes causing structural alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda accumulated early light-induced proteins after dehydration.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- dehydration-inducede0
- Outcome
- early light-induced proteins (ELIPs)e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dehydration-induced accumulation of early light-induced proteins (ELIPs)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda increased PSI cyclic electron transport capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- capacity for PSI cyclic electron transport and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and APX)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“an increased capacity for PSI cyclic electron transport and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and APX)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Gizda had higher leaf total phenols, flavonoids, and lipid-soluble antioxidants than Fermer.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Gizdae0
- Outcome
- leaf content of total phenols, flavonoids, and lipid-soluble antioxidant metabolitese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Fermere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaf content of total phenols, flavonoids, and lipid-soluble antioxidant metabolites was higher in Gizda than in Fermer.”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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