Abstract
Soil salinity is a major constraint to modern agriculture, with around 20% of the previously irrigated area becoming salt affected. Identifying suitable salt stress-tolerant genotypes based on their agronomic and physiological traits remains a herculean challenge in forage-type Oat (Avena sativa L.) breeding. The present study was designed to investigate the response of oat crop plants against the salt (NaCl) stress in Mardan, Pakistan. The experiment was carried out in complete randomized design (CRD) with two factors trail comprising of the performance of four different genotypes of oat (NARC oat, PARC oat, Green Gold and Islamabad oat) in response to four levels of saline stress (0, 25, 50 and 75 mmol L-1 NaCl). Plant growth and physiological parameters including germination (G, %); fresh shoot weight (FSW, g); fresh root weight (FRW, g); chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids were analyzed for identifying salt tolerance. Germination (%) of oat genotypes was negatively affected by higher salt stress. Mean values showed that maximum germination (57.5%) was recorded for control while minimum germination (48.75%) was recorded for 25 mmol L-1 NaCl and that maximum germination (58%) was recorded for PARC oat. The root and shoot fresh weight of all genotypes declined with increasing salt stress, while NARC and Green Gold oat showed considerably higher values than the other genotypes. Although chlorophyll and carotenoids were found to be negatively affected by increasing salt concentrations, NARC and Green Gold oat genotypes performed considerably better at 75 mmol L-1 NaCl when compared to the other genotypes. Based on the mean shoot dry weight ratio ± one standard error, the four Oat genotypes were categorized as salt-tolerant (Green Gold), moderately tolerant (PARC and NARC), and salt-sensitive (Islamabad). The more salt-tolerant genotype (Green Gold) demonstrated relatively high salinity tolerance and may be useful for developing high-yielding oat hybrids in future breeding programs under salt stress conditions.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Higher salt stress lowered oat germination.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Treatment
- higher salt stresse0
- Outcome
- Germination (%)e0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Germination (%) of oat genotypes was negatively affected by higher salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
control had 57.5% germination.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 57.5%e0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination (57.5%) was recorded for control while minimum germination (48.75%) was recorded for 25 mmol L-1 NaCl and that maximum germination (58%) was recorded for PARC oat.”
t0“Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
25 mmol L-1 NaCl had 48.75% germination.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Treatment
- 25 mmol L-1 NaCle0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 48.75%e0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination (57.5%) was recorded for control while minimum germination (48.75%) was recorded for 25 mmol L-1 NaCl and that maximum germination (58%) was recorded for PARC oat.”
t0“Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC oat had 58% germination.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativat0
- Material
- PARC oate0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 58%e0
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination (57.5%) was recorded for control while minimum germination (48.75%) was recorded for 25 mmol L-1 NaCl and that maximum germination (58%) was recorded for PARC oat.”
t0“Oat”
Claim · model-written summary
Root and shoot fresh weight declined with increasing salt stress.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing salt stresse0
- Outcome
- root and shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root and shoot fresh weight of all genotypes declined with increasing salt stress, while NARC and Green Gold oat showed considerably higher values than the other genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC had higher fresh weights than other genotypes.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- NARCe0
- Outcome
- root and shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root and shoot fresh weight of all genotypes declined with increasing salt stress, while NARC and Green Gold oat showed considerably higher values than the other genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Gold oat had higher fresh weights than other genotypes.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- Green Gold oate0
- Outcome
- root and shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- other genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root and shoot fresh weight of all genotypes declined with increasing salt stress, while NARC and Green Gold oat showed considerably higher values than the other genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salt lowered chlorophyll and carotenoids.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Treatment
- increasing salt concentrationse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and carotenoidse0
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll and carotenoids were found to be negatively affected by increasing salt concentrations, NARC and Green Gold oat genotypes performed considerably better at 75 mmol L-1 NaCl when compared to the other genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC performed better at 75 mmol L-1 NaCl.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- NARCe0
- Treatment
- 75 mmol L-1 NaCle0
- Outcome
- performed considerably bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- other genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll and carotenoids were found to be negatively affected by increasing salt concentrations, NARC and Green Gold oat genotypes performed considerably better at 75 mmol L-1 NaCl when compared to the other genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Gold oat performed better at 75 mmol L-1 NaCl.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- Green Gold oate0
- Treatment
- 75 mmol L-1 NaCle0
- Outcome
- performed considerably bettere0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- other genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll and carotenoids were found to be negatively affected by increasing salt concentrations, NARC and Green Gold oat genotypes performed considerably better at 75 mmol L-1 NaCl when compared to the other genotypes.”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Gold was salt-tolerant.
- Taxon
- OatAvena sativae0
- Material
- Green Golde0
- Outcome
- salt-tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the four Oat genotypes were categorized as salt-tolerant (Green Gold), moderately tolerant (PARC and NARC), and salt-sensitive (Islamabad).”
Claim · model-written summary
PARC was moderately tolerant.
- Taxon
- OatAvena sativae0
- Material
- PARCe0
- Outcome
- moderately tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the four Oat genotypes were categorized as salt-tolerant (Green Gold), moderately tolerant (PARC and NARC), and salt-sensitive (Islamabad).”
Claim · model-written summary
NARC was moderately tolerant.
- Taxon
- OatAvena sativae0
- Material
- NARCe0
- Outcome
- moderately tolerante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the four Oat genotypes were categorized as salt-tolerant (Green Gold), moderately tolerant (PARC and NARC), and salt-sensitive (Islamabad).”
Claim · model-written summary
Islamabad was salt-sensitive.
- Taxon
- OatAvena sativae0
- Material
- Islamabade0
- Outcome
- salt-sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the four Oat genotypes were categorized as salt-tolerant (Green Gold), moderately tolerant (PARC and NARC), and salt-sensitive (Islamabad).”
Claim · model-written summary
Green Gold may be useful in breeding salt tolerant oat hybrids.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Material
- Green Goldt0
- Outcome
- developing high-yielding oat hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“may be useful for developing high-yielding oat hybrids in future breeding programs under salt stress conditions.”
t0“The more salt-tolerant genotype (Green Gold)”
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