Abstract
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) is a summer legume that is becoming a crucial industrial crop because of its high gum and protein content. Thus far, the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Bradyrhizobium on the yield and chemical composition of guar plants are not well studied. Therefore, the current investigation was designed to estimate the individual as well as the combined effects of AMF and Bradyrhizobium on plant growth, yield and nutritional quality of seeds and leaves of guar. AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculation improved chemical composition of guar seeds and its morpho-physiological (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and yield production) traits. In addition to increased guar growth and yield production, the inoculation of AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium increased guar leaf and seed minerals, fiber, lipids, crude protein and ash contents. At primary metabolites, there were increases in sugar levels including raffinose stachyose, verbascose and galactomannan. These increases in sugar provided a route for organic acids, amino acids and fatty acids production. Interestingly, there was an increase in essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. At the bioactive secondary metabolite levels, biofertilizers improved phenols and flavonoids levels and anthocyanin and polyamines biosynthesis. In line with these increases, precursors of anthocyanin (phenylalanine, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid) and the levels of polyamines (diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and agmatine) were increased. Overall, for the first time, our study shed the light on how AMF and Bradyrhizobium improved guar yield and metabolism. Our findings suggested that the combined inoculation of AMF and Bradyrhizobium is an innovative approach to improve guar growth, yield production and yield quality.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation improved guar growth and yield traits.
- Taxon
- guar
Cyamopsis tetragonolobae0 - Treatment
- AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and yield productione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculation improved chemical composition of guar seeds and its morpho-physiological (plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and yield production) traits.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased leaf and seed minerals, fiber, lipids, protein and ash.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae0
- Treatment
- inoculation of AMF and/or Bradyrhizobiume0
- Outcome
- leaf and seed minerals, fiber, lipids, crude protein and ash contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the inoculation of AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium increased guar leaf and seed minerals, fiber, lipids, crude protein and ash contents.”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased raffinose, stachyose, verbascose and galactomannan sugars.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae1
- Treatment
- AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculatione1
- Outcome
- sugar levels including raffinose stachyose, verbascose and galactomannane0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At primary metabolites, there were increases in sugar levels including raffinose stachyose, verbascose and galactomannan.”
e1“AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculation improved chemical composition of guar seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids increased.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobae1
- Treatment
- AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculatione1
- Outcome
- essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acidse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an increase in essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids.”
e1“AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculation improved chemical composition of guar seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers increased phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin and polyamines.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- phenols and flavonoids levels and anthocyanin and polyamines biosynthesise0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biofertilizers improved phenols and flavonoids levels and anthocyanin and polyamines biosynthesis.”
t0“guar”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthocyanin precursors and polyamines increased.
- Taxon
- guarCyamopsis tetragonolobat0
- Treatment
- AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculatione1
- Outcome
- precursors of anthocyanin (phenylalanine, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid) and the levels of polyamines (diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and agmatine)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“precursors of anthocyanin (phenylalanine, p-coumaric acid, and cinnamic acid) and the levels of polyamines (diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, and agmatine) were increased.”
t0“guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)”
e1“AMF and/or Bradyrhizobium inoculation improved chemical composition of guar seeds”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.