Abstract
This study aimed to standarize a protocol for obtaining a bioactive extract from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) crop residues, that is suitable for application on an industrial scale and effective in reducing plant disease incidence. For this purpose, the influence of several extraction factors in the glucosinolate (GSL) content was studied with leaves collected from two conventional broccoli fields and two organic broccoli fields. The analysis showed that lyophilization had no influence on the GSL content. Storage of plant material under two different temperatures (− 20ºC and − 80ºC) had no influence on the GSLs content of the extracts. Phytotoxicity of the extracts was studied with six different plant seeds, and also cytotoxicity was determined with human liver cells in vitro. The extracts were phytotoxic at dilutions above 10%, while cell toxicity was low. Extracts concentrations of 0.1%, 1% and 2% were tested in vitro against eight plant pathogenic fungi and two oomycetes in solid and in liquid media. The extracts reduced the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi at 2% dilution by up to 38.37% against Alternaria alternata and up to 46.55% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. When combined with myrosinase enzyme the effect of the extracts was enhanced, reaching inhibition values of 67.06% against A. alternata in solid medium and 68.52% against Rhizoctonia solani in liquid medium. In contrast, the same extracts increased the growth of the plant pathogenic oomycetes Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorum. The effect of the same extracts in the free leaving larvae, J2s, of the plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) Meloidogyne javanica was not obvious. Minor significant differences were obtained but with no clear dose-response in nematode mortality, and no inhibition of eggs hatching was observed. These results show the industrial potential of using broccoli residues to obtain extracts with biopesticide activity against plant pathogenic fungi.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Lyophilization did not influence broccoli extract glucosinolate content.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae1 - Treatment
- lyophilizatione0
- Outcome
- GSL contente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lyophilization had no influence on the GSL content”
e1“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) crop residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage at −20ºC versus −80ºC did not influence extract glucosinolate content.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- − 20ºCe0
- Outcome
- GSLs contente0
- Direction
- no influencee0
- Comparator
- − 80ºCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Storage of plant material under two different temperatures (− 20ºC and − 80ºC) had no influence on the GSLs content of the extracts”
e1“broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) crop residues”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts were phytotoxic above 10% dilution in the tested plant seeds.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Phytotoxicity of the extracts was studied with six different plant seeds”
e1“The extracts were phytotoxic at dilutions above 10%”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract cytotoxicity to human liver cells was low.
- Taxon
- human
Homo sapiense0 - Organ / stage
- liver cellse0
- Outcome
- cell toxicitye1
- Direction
- lowe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytotoxicity was determined with human liver cells in vitro”
e1“while cell toxicity was low”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2% dilution extracts reduced Alternaria alternata growth by up to 38.37%.
- Taxon
- Alternaria alternata
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Alternaria alternatae0 - Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 38.37%e0
- Qualifier
- at 2% dilutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The extracts reduced the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi at 2% dilution by up to 38.37% against Alternaria alternata”
Claim · model-written summary
At 2% dilution extracts reduced Sclerotinia sclerotiorum growth by up to 46.55%.
- Taxon
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0 - Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- up to 46.55%e0
- Qualifier
- at 2% dilutione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The extracts reduced the growth of several plant pathogenic fungi at 2% dilution by up to 38.37% against Alternaria alternata and up to 46.55% against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding myrosinase enhanced extract inhibition of A. alternata to 67.06% in solid medium.
- Taxon
- A. alternataAlternaria alternatae0
- Treatment
- combined with myrosinase enzymee0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 67.06%e0
- Comparator
- extractse0
- Setting
- solid mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When combined with myrosinase enzyme the effect of the extracts was enhanced, reaching inhibition values of 67.06% against A. alternata in solid medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding myrosinase enhanced extract inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani to 68.52% in liquid medium.
- Taxon
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0 - Treatment
- combined with myrosinase enzymee0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 68.52%e0
- Comparator
- extractse0
- Setting
- liquid mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When combined with myrosinase enzyme the effect of the extracts was enhanced, reaching inhibition values of 67.06% against A. alternata in solid medium and 68.52% against Rhizoctonia solani in liquid medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts increased Pythium ultimum growth.
- Taxon
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the same extracts increased the growth of the plant pathogenic oomycetes Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts increased Phytophthora cactorum growth.
- Taxon
- Phytophthora cactorum
Phytophthora cactorume0 - Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the same extracts increased the growth of the plant pathogenic oomycetes Pythium ultimum and Phytophthora cactorum”
Claim · model-written summary
Meloidogyne javanica mortality showed minor significant differences with no clear dose response.
- Taxon
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0
- Organ / stage
- larvae, J2se0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- nematode mortalitye1
- Qualifier
- no clear dose-responsee1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“The effect of the same extracts in the free leaving larvae, J2s, of the plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) Meloidogyne javanica was not obvious.”
e1“Minor significant differences were obtained but with no clear dose-response in nematode mortality”
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts did not inhibit Meloidogyne javanica egg hatching.
- Taxon
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0
- Treatment
- extractse0
- Outcome
- eggs hatchinge1
- Direction
- no inhibitione1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The effect of the same extracts in the free leaving larvae, J2s, of the plant-parasitic nematode (PPN) Meloidogyne javanica was not obvious.”
e1“no inhibition of eggs hatching was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Broccoli residues have industrial potential for producing antifungal biopesticide extracts.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- using broccoli residues to obtain extracts with biopesticide activity against plant pathogenic fungie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results show the industrial potential of using broccoli residues to obtain extracts with biopesticide activity against plant pathogenic fungi”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · growth · Phytophthora cactorumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
botanical · pest · Meloidogyne javanica (root-knot nematode)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
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botanical · crop injury · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
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See all 12 papers →processing · quality: phytochemicals · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 24 papers →botanical · growth · Sclerotinia sclerotiorumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
botanical · growth · Alternaria alternataResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.