Abstract
High-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), a major component of seed storage proteins (SSP) in wheat, largely determine processing quality. HMW-GS encoded by GLU-1 loci are mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by interactions between cis-elements and transcription factors (TFs). We previously identified a conserved cis-regulatory module CCRM1-1 as the most essential cis-element for Glu-1 endosperm-specific high expression. However, the TFs targeting CCRM1-1 remained unknown. Here, we built the first DNA pull-down plus liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform in wheat and identified 31 TFs interacting with CCRM1-1. TaB3-2A1 as proof of concept was confirmed to bind to CCRM1-1 by yeast one hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Transactivation experiments demonstrated that TaB3-2A1 repressed CCRM1-1-driven transcription activity. TaB3-2A1 overexpression significantly reduced HMW-GS and other SSP, but enhanced starch content. Transcriptome analyses confirmed that enhanced expression of TaB3-2A1 down-regulated SSP genes and up-regulated starch synthesis-related genes, such as TaAGPL3, TaAGPS2, TaGBSSI, TaSUS1 and TaSUS5, suggesting that it is an integrator modulating the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism. TaB3-2A1 also had significant effects on agronomic traits, including heading date, plant height and grain weight. We identified two major haplotypes of TaB3-2A1 and found that TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred lower seed protein content, but higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than TaB3-2A1-Hap2 and was subjected to positive selection in a panel of elite wheat cultivars. These findings provide a high-efficiency tool to detect TFs binding to targeted promoters, considerable gene resources for dissecting regulatory mechanisms underlying Glu-1 expression, and a useful gene for wheat improvement.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
A wheat DNA pull-down and mass spectrometry platform identified 31 transcription factors interacting with CCRM1-1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- CCRM1-1e0
- Outcome
- 31 TFs interacting with CCRM1-1e0
- Value
- 31 TFse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we built the first DNA pull-down plus liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform in wheat and identified 31 TFs interacting with CCRM1-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1 was confirmed to bind CCRM1-1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- bind to CCRM1-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1 as proof of concept was confirmed to bind to CCRM1-1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1 repressed CCRM1-1-driven transcription.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- CCRM1-1-driven transcription activitye0
- Direction
- repressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1 repressed CCRM1-1-driven transcription activity.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1 overexpression significantly reduced HMW-GS and other seed storage proteins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TaB3-2A1 overexpressione0
- Gene
- TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- HMW-GS and other SSPe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1 overexpression significantly reduced HMW-GS and other SSP, but enhanced starch content.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1 overexpression enhanced starch content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- TaB3-2A1 overexpressione0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1 overexpression significantly reduced HMW-GS and other SSP, but enhanced starch content.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced TaB3-2A1 expression downregulated seed storage protein genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- enhanced expression of TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- SSP genese0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced expression of TaB3-2A1 down-regulated SSP genes and up-regulated starch synthesis-related genes”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced TaB3-2A1 expression upregulated starch synthesis genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- enhanced expression of TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- starch synthesis-related genese0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced expression of TaB3-2A1 down-regulated SSP genes and up-regulated starch synthesis-related genes”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1 had significant effects on heading date, plant height and grain weight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- heading date, plant height and grain weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1 also had significant effects on agronomic traits, including heading date, plant height and grain weight.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Two major TaB3-2A1 haplotypes were identified.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaB3-2A1e0
- Outcome
- two major haplotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified two major haplotypes of TaB3-2A1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred lower seed protein than Hap2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- TaB3-2A1-Hap1e0
- Outcome
- seed protein contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- TaB3-2A1-Hap2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred lower seed protein content, but higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than TaB3-2A1-Hap2”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than Hap2.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- TaB3-2A1-Hap1e0
- Outcome
- starch content, plant height and grain weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- TaB3-2A1-Hap2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred lower seed protein content, but higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than TaB3-2A1-Hap2”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaB3-2A1-Hap1 showed positive selection among elite wheat cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- TaB3-2A1-Hap1e0
- Outcome
- positive selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaB3-2A1-Hap1 conferred lower seed protein content, but higher starch content, plant height and grain weight than TaB3-2A1-Hap2 and was subjected to positive selection in a panel of elite wheat cultivars.”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · molecular: expression · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.