Abstract
'Candidatus Phytoplasma tritici' ('Ca. P. tritici') is an insect-borne obligate pathogen that infects wheat (Triticum aestivum) causing wheat blue dwarf disease, and leads to yield losses. SWP12 is a potential effector secreted by 'Ca. P. tritici' that manipulates host processes to create an environment conducive to phytoplasma colonization, but the detailed mechanism of action remains to be investigated. In this study, the expression of SWP12 weakened the basal immunity of Nicotiana benthamiana and promoted leaf colonization by Phytophthora parasitica, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and tobacco mild green mosaic virus. Moreover, the expression of SWP12 in wheat plants promoted phytoplasma colonization. Triticum aestivum WRKY74 and N. benthamiana WRKY17 were identified as host targets of SWP12. The expression of TaWRKY74 triggered reactive oxygen species bursts, upregulated defense-related genes, and decreased TaCRR6 transcription, leading to reductions in NADH dehydrogenase complex (NDH) activity. Expression of TaWRKY74 in wheat increased plant resistance to 'Ca. P. tritici', and silencing of TaWRKY74 enhanced plant susceptibility, which indicates that TaWRKY74 is a positive regulator of wheat resistance to 'Ca. P. tritici'. We showed that SWP12 weakens plant resistance and promotes 'Ca. P. tritici' colonization by destabilizing TaWRKY74.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
SWP12 expression weakened basal immunity in N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- expression of SWP12e0
- Gene
- SWP12e0
- Outcome
- basal immunitye0
- Direction
- weakenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SWP12 weakened the basal immunity of Nicotiana benthamiana”
Claim · model-written summary
SWP12 expression promoted N. benthamiana leaf colonization by Phytophthora parasitica.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- expression of SWP12e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasitica
Phytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen - Outcome
- leaf colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SWP12 weakened the basal immunity of Nicotiana benthamiana and promoted leaf colonization by Phytophthora parasitica”
Claim · model-written summary
SWP12 expression promoted N. benthamiana leaf colonization by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- expression of SWP12e0
- Interactor
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Sclerotinia sclerotiorume0pathogen - Outcome
- leaf colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SWP12 weakened the basal immunity of Nicotiana benthamiana and promoted leaf colonization by Phytophthora parasitica, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”
Claim · model-written summary
SWP12 expression promoted N. benthamiana leaf colonization by tobacco mild green mosaic virus.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- expression of SWP12e0
- Interactor
- tobacco mild green mosaic virusTobacco mild green mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- leaf colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SWP12 weakened the basal immunity of Nicotiana benthamiana and promoted leaf colonization by Phytophthora parasitica, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and tobacco mild green mosaic virus”
Claim · model-written summary
SWP12 expression in wheat promoted phytoplasma colonization.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- expression of SWP12e0
- Interactor
- phytoplasma
Candidatus Phytoplasmae0pathogen - Outcome
- phytoplasma colonizatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SWP12 in wheat plants promoted phytoplasma colonization”
Claim · model-written summary
Triticum aestivum WRKY74 was identified as a host target of SWP12.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Gene
- WRKY74e0
- Outcome
- host targets of SWP12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum WRKY74 and N. benthamiana WRKY17 were identified as host targets of SWP12”
Claim · model-written summary
N. benthamiana WRKY17 was identified as a host target of SWP12.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Gene
- WRKY17e0
- Outcome
- host targets of SWP12e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triticum aestivum WRKY74 and N. benthamiana WRKY17 were identified as host targets of SWP12”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 expression triggered reactive oxygen species bursts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- expression of TaWRKY74e0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species burstse0
- Direction
- triggerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of TaWRKY74 triggered reactive oxygen species bursts”
e1“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 expression upregulated defense-related genes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- expression of TaWRKY74e0
- Outcome
- defense-related genese0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of TaWRKY74 triggered reactive oxygen species bursts, upregulated defense-related genes”
e1“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 expression decreased TaCRR6 transcription.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- expression of TaWRKY74e0
- Outcome
- TaCRR6 transcriptione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of TaWRKY74 triggered reactive oxygen species bursts, upregulated defense-related genes, and decreased TaCRR6 transcription”
e1“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 expression reduced NADH dehydrogenase complex activity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- expression of TaWRKY74e0
- Outcome
- NADH dehydrogenase complex (NDH) activitye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of TaWRKY74 triggered reactive oxygen species bursts, upregulated defense-related genes, and decreased TaCRR6 transcription, leading to reductions in NADH dehydrogenase complex (NDH) activity.”
e1“wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
TaWRKY74 expression increased wheat resistance to Ca. P. tritici.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Expression of TaWRKY74e0
- Interactor
- 'Ca. P. tritici'e0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of TaWRKY74 in wheat increased plant resistance to 'Ca. P. tritici'”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaWRKY74 enhanced wheat susceptibility to Ca. P. tritici.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- silencing of TaWRKY74e0
- Interactor
- 'Ca. P. tritici'e1pathogen
- Outcome
- plant susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of TaWRKY74 in wheat increased plant resistance to 'Ca. P. tritici', and silencing of TaWRKY74 enhanced plant susceptibility”
e1“plant resistance to 'Ca. P. tritici'”
Claim · model-written summary
SWP12 destabilizes TaWRKY74, weakening resistance and promoting Ca. P. tritici colonization.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Interactor
- 'Ca. P. tritici'e0pathogen
- Gene
- TaWRKY74e0
- Outcome
- plant resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We showed that SWP12 weakens plant resistance and promotes 'Ca. P. tritici' colonization by destabilizing TaWRKY74.”
e1“wheat plants”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.