Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a ubiquitous and multifunction enzyme belonging to the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily, which can reduce, oxidize, and catalyze dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Other than performing housekeeping functions in helping to maintain proteins in a more stable conformation, there is some evidence to indicate that PDI is involved in pathogen infection processes. In a high-throughput screening for necrosis-inducing factors by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression assay, a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. PpPDI1 is conserved in eukaryotes but predicted to be a secreted protein. Deletion mutant analyses showed that the first CGHC motif in the active domain of PpPDI1 is essential for inducing cell death. Using P. parasitica transformation method, the silencing efficiency was found to be very low, suggesting that PpPDI1 is essential for the pathogen. Translational fusion to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in stable P. parasitica transformants showed that PpPDI1 is associated with haustoria-like structures during pathogen infection. Furthermore, the PpPDI1-EGFP-expressing transformants increase the number of haustoria-like structures and exhibit enhanced virulence to N. benthamiana. These results indicate that PpPDI1 might be a virulence factor of P. parasitica and contributes to plant infection.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
PpPDI1 induced strong Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- PpPDI1e0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasitica
Phytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen - Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- inducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
PpPDI1 is conserved in eukaryotes and predicted secreted.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- conserved in eukaryotes but predicted to be a secreted proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PpPDI1 is conserved in eukaryotes but predicted to be a secreted protein.”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
The first CGHC motif is essential for PpPDI1-induced plant cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- first CGHC motife0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the first CGHC motif in the active domain of PpPDI1 is essential for inducing cell death.”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low PpPDI1 silencing efficiency suggests the gene is essential in the pathogen.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- silencing efficiencye0
- Direction
- very lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the silencing efficiency was found to be very low, suggesting that PpPDI1 is essential for the pathogen.”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
PpPDI1 localized to haustoria-like structures during infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- associated with haustoria-like structurese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PpPDI1 is associated with haustoria-like structures during pathogen infection.”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
PpPDI1-EGFP transformants increased haustoria-like structure number.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- PpPDI1-EGFP-expressing transformantse0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- number of haustoria-like structurese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PpPDI1-EGFP-expressing transformants increase the number of haustoria-like structures”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
PpPDI1-EGFP transformants showed enhanced virulence on N. benthamiana.
- Taxon
- N. benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae0
- Treatment
- PpPDI1-EGFP-expressing transformantse0
- Interactor
- Phytophthora parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaet0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- virulence to N. benthamianae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the PpPDI1-EGFP-expressing transformants increase the number of haustoria-like structures and exhibit enhanced virulence to N. benthamiana.”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer PpPDI1 may be a pathogen virulence factor in plant infection.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Interactor
- P. parasiticaPhytophthora nicotianaee0pathogen
- Gene
- PpPDI1e0
- Outcome
- plant infectione0
- Qualifier
- might be a virulence factore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PpPDI1 might be a virulence factor of P. parasitica and contributes to plant infection.”
t0“Phytophthora parasitica”
e1“a typical PDI gene from Phytophthora parasitica (PpPDI1) was identified and confirmed to induce strong cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · Phytophthora nicotianae · Nicotiana benthamianaPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.