Abstract
In the present investigation, different concentrations (150, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/L) of nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) and boron (B) were applied through foliar spray (pot culture) to evaluate their effects on the growth and biochemical parameters of peanut. Nanoscale zinc oxide and nano boron were prepared using modified oxalate decomposition and encapsulation methods, respectively, and were characterized using techniques such as, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average size (37.2 nm, 53.6 nm) and zeta potential (−37.7 mV, −28.3 mV) of nano ZnO and nano boron were measured, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR) studies revealed the functional groups that are present in the hydrosols. Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron. Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L. Translocation of nanoscale nutrients through stomata was clearly observed. Significant nutrient uptake with the foliar application of nanoscale nutrients has been recorded. The performance of groundnut (in terms of yield, quality and nutrient uptake) was significantly enhanced with the application of nanoscale nutrients and this point to achieving the nutrient bio-fortification with the desired levels for the betterment of human health.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
nano zinc oxide at 500 mg/L gave the highest germination percentage in peanut (98.7%).
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Treatment
- nano zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 98.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano boron at 500 mg/L gave the highest germination percentage in peanut (96%).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano borone0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 96%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano zinc oxide at 500 mg/L gave the highest seedling vigor index in peanut (2359).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 2359e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano boron at 500 mg/L gave the highest seedling vigor index in peanut (1325).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano borone0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 1325e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano zinc oxide at 500 mg/L gave the highest total chlorophyll content in peanut (3.28).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano zinc oxidee0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 3.28e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano boron at 500 mg/L gave the highest total chlorophyll content in peanut (2.24 mg g−1).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano borone0
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 2.24 mg g−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest germination percentage (98.7% and 96%), seedling vigor index (2359 and 1325) and total chlorophyll content (3.28 and 2.24 mg g−1) were recorded at 500 mg/L of nano zinc oxide and nano boron.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano ZnO gave higher peanut pod yield (39.76 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano ZnOe0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 39.76 g pot−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
boron @ 500 mg/L gave higher peanut pod yield (38.14 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- boron @ 500 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- pod yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 38.14 g pot−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano ZnO gave higher peanut haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano ZnOe0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 49.56 g pot−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
boron @ 500 mg/L gave higher peanut haulm yield (47.05 g pot−1).
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- boron @ 500 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- haulm yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 47.05 g pot−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
nano ZnO increased peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- nano ZnOe0
- Outcome
- peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
boron @ 500 mg/L increased peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- boron @ 500 mg/Le0
- Outcome
- peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activitiese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly higher peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activities, pod yield (39.76 g pot−1 and 38.14 g pot−1) and haulm yield (49.56 g pot−1 and 47.05 g pot−1) were also recorded with the application of nano ZnO and boron @ 500 mg/L.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoscale nutrients were observed moving through peanut stomata.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- Translocation of nanoscale nutrients through stomatae0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Translocation of nanoscale nutrients through stomata was clearly observed.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar nanoscale nutrients significantly increased peanut nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of nanoscale nutrientse0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant nutrient uptake with the foliar application of nanoscale nutrients has been recorded.”
t0“peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nanoscale nutrient application significantly enhanced groundnut yield, quality and nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- application of nanoscale nutrientse0
- Outcome
- yield, quality and nutrient uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The performance of groundnut (in terms of yield, quality and nutrient uptake) was significantly enhanced with the application of nanoscale nutrients”
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See all 45 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.