Abstract
Growth regulators in annual crops such as wheat are being used for reducing plant lodging. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of applying different growth regulators on grain yield, industrial quality of flour, and the economic viability of a lodging-sensitive wheat cultivar, namely TBIO-Pioneiro. The RDB experimental design consisted of five treatments and nine replicates. The treatments used the following regulators: trinexapac-ethyl (T1), ethephon (T2), prohexadione calcium (T3), chlormequat chloride (T4) and a control (untreated) (T5). The rates were determined according to the manufacturer’s recommendations for other crops. Plant height was reduced with application of regulators, for example, trinexapac (93.1 cm), and control (100.7 cm). This same growth regulator tested increased TGW (36.2 g) over the control (33.6 g) making plant lodging lowest (from 34%-control to about 10%-treated). Grain yields with application of growth regulators were higher than control (3.1 t ha-1), ranging from 148.9 to 158.9% (means regulator-treated of 4.8 t ha-1). Regarding grain alveograph indices, there was an increase in gluten strength (W) with the use of ethephon (309 10-4J), prohexadione (309.3 10-4J), and chlormequat (309 10-4J), compared with control (240.3 10-4J). The economic return on investment was higher than the control, of up to 35.7%. It is concluded that application of prohexadione, ethephon and chlormequat changes the gluten strength of wheat grains and that the growth regulators tested are efficient in controlling lodging, reducing plant height and increasing grain yields, thus providing productive stability and higher financial returns in wheat cropping.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators reduced wheat plant height; trinexapac gave 93.1 cm versus 100.7 cm in control.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- trinexapace0
- Outcome
- Plant heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 93.1 cme0
- Qualifier
- 100.7 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant height was reduced with application of regulators, for example, trinexapac (93.1 cm), and control (100.7 cm).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac increased wheat TGW to 36.2 g versus 33.6 g in control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- growth regulatore0
- Outcome
- TGWe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36.2 ge0
- Qualifier
- 33.6 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This same growth regulator tested increased TGW (36.2 g) over the control (33.6 g)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Trinexapac reduced wheat lodging from 34% in control to about 10% treated.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- treatede0
- Outcome
- plant lodginge0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- about 10%e0
- Qualifier
- 34%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“making plant lodging lowest (from 34%-control to about 10%-treated)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulators raised wheat grain yield to a treated mean of 4.8 t ha-1 versus 3.1 t ha-1 in control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.8 t ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 3.1 t ha-1e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields with application of growth regulators were higher than control (3.1 t ha-1), ranging from 148.9 to 158.9% (means regulator-treated of 4.8 t ha-1).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon increased wheat gluten strength to 309 10-4J versus 240.3 10-4J in control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- ethephone0
- Outcome
- gluten strengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 309 10-4Je0
- Qualifier
- 240.3 10-4Je0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an increase in gluten strength (W) with the use of ethephon (309 10-4J), prohexadione (309.3 10-4J), and chlormequat (309 10-4J), compared with control (240.3 10-4J)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Prohexadione increased wheat gluten strength to 309.3 10-4J versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- prohexadionee0
- Outcome
- gluten strengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 309.3 10-4Je0
- Qualifier
- 240.3 10-4Je0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an increase in gluten strength (W) with the use of ethephon (309 10-4J), prohexadione (309.3 10-4J), and chlormequat (309 10-4J), compared with control (240.3 10-4J)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlormequat increased wheat gluten strength to 309 10-4J versus control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- chlormequate0
- Outcome
- gluten strengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 309 10-4Je0
- Qualifier
- 240.3 10-4Je0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an increase in gluten strength (W) with the use of ethephon (309 10-4J), prohexadione (309.3 10-4J), and chlormequat (309 10-4J), compared with control (240.3 10-4J)”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator use raised wheat economic return on investment by up to 35.7% over control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- growth regulatorst0
- Outcome
- economic return on investmente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 35.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The economic return on investment was higher than the control, of up to 35.7%.”
t0“growth regulators in a lodging-sensitive wheat cultivar”
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See all 117 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.