Abstract
Abstract Efforts to optimize grain yields in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) are often hindered by excessive lodging associated with intensive cereal management systems. The plant growth regulator ethephon [(2‐chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] has been used as an essential component of intensive cereal management systems in Europe to control lodging and maintain high yield potential. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments. A randomized complete block design in a split plot arrangement with four replicates was used at each of four locations in 1987 and 1988. Main plot treatments consisted of the cultivars Era, Stoa, Len, and Nordic, and split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon). Application of ethephon (280 g a.i. ha −1 ) increased grain yield 5.4% when averaged across environments and cultivars. Generally, ethephon application tended to increase spikes per square meter but had no effect on kernel weight and kernels per spike. Ethephon treatment reduced lodging in 1987. Lodging was absent in 1988. Application of ethephon had a significant positive effect on test weight, but did not influence grain protein concentration and maturity. Economic parameters, net benefit, and marginal rate of return, indicated ethephon could be recommended for cultivars Era, Len, and Stoa, but not for Nordic under environmental conditions similar to those in this study.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon application increased grain yield by 5.4% averaged across environments and cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Application of ethephon (280 g a.i. ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5.4%e1
- Qualifier
- averaged across environments and cultivarse1
- Comparator
- control (no ethephon)e2
- Setting
- North Dakota environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e1“Application of ethephon (280 g a.i. ha −1 ) increased grain yield 5.4% when averaged across environments and cultivars”
e2“split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon tended to increase the number of spikes per square meter.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ethephon applicatione3
- Outcome
- spikes per square metere3
- Direction
- tended to increasee3
- Qualifier
- tended to increasee3
- Comparator
- control (no ethephon)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e2“split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon)”
e3“Generally, ethephon application tended to increase spikes per square meter but had no effect on kernel weight and kernels per spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon had no effect on kernel weight and kernels per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ethephon applicatione3
- Outcome
- kernel weight and kernels per spikee3
- Direction
- had no effecte3
- Comparator
- control (no ethephon)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e2“split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon)”
e3“Generally, ethephon application tended to increase spikes per square meter but had no effect on kernel weight and kernels per spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment reduced lodging in 1987.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ethephon treatmente4
- Outcome
- lodginge4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- in 1987e4
- Comparator
- control (no ethephon)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e2“split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon)”
e4“Ethephon treatment reduced lodging in 1987”
Claim · model-written summary
Lodging was absent in 1988.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Lodging was absente5
- Qualifier
- in 1988e5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e5“Lodging was absent in 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon application had a significant positive effect on test weight compared with the control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Application of ethephone6
- Outcome
- test weighte6
- Direction
- significant positive effecte6
- Comparator
- control (no ethephon)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e2“split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon)”
e6“Application of ethephon had a significant positive effect on test weight, but did not influence grain protein concentration and maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not influence grain protein concentration or maturity.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Application of ethephone6
- Outcome
- grain protein concentration and maturitye6
- Direction
- did not influencee6
- Comparator
- control (no ethephon)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e2“split plots were assigned to ethephon and control (no ethephon)”
e6“Application of ethephon had a significant positive effect on test weight, but did not influence grain protein concentration and maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Net benefit and marginal rate of return indicated that ethephon could be recommended for cultivars Era, Len and Stoa.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- cultivars Era, Len, and Stoae7
- Outcome
- could be recommendede7
- Qualifier
- under environmental conditions similar to those in this studye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e7“Economic parameters, net benefit, and marginal rate of return, indicated ethephon could be recommended for cultivars Era, Len, and Stoa, but not for Nordic under environmental conditions similar to those in this study”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon should not be recommended for cultivar Nordic under environmental conditions similar to this study.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Nordice7
- Outcome
- could be recommendede7
- Qualifier
- under environmental conditions similar to those in this studye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ethephon on four hard red spring wheat cultivars in North Dakota environments”
e7“Economic parameters, net benefit, and marginal rate of return, indicated ethephon could be recommended for cultivars Era, Len, and Stoa, but not for Nordic under environmental conditions similar to those in this study”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: protein · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
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See all 18 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
17 papers more in this group
See all 21 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.