Abstract
Water availability for irrigation farming is one of the greatest challenges associated with the increasing spatio-temporal effects of climate change and variability on tomato production, especially in tropical regions. This study was conducted to demonstrate the combined effect of irrigation and nutrient management as a water-saving strategy to maximize nutrient and water productivity in tomato production. The research was conducted in a screen house at the CSIR-Crops Research Institute (CSIR-CRI), Kumasi, Ghana using the split-plot design in the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. The main plot consisted of a single full irrigation at 100% recommended crop water requirement and two deficit irrigation levels (75 and 50% of the crop water requirement). The subplots consisted of two nutrient amendments (inorganic fertilizer and organic compost) and a control (without any nutrient amendment). Data from the research was used to parameterize the DSSAT CCROPGRO model to simulate the interactive effect of irrigation and nutrient management on the yield of tomatoes. Plant height and stem girth did not have a specific influence on tomato yield, but the number of branches had a positive effect on tomato yield. The combined use of inorganic fertilizer and full irrigation was found to improve tomato yield up to 7691.4 and 9009.9 kg/ha whereas treatment with no fertilizer application at 50% deficit irrigation recorded the lowest tomato yield of 1423.9 and 1739.2 kg/ha in 2020 and 2021, respectively. For the two deficit irrigations (50 and 75% ETc), organic compost produced the highest tomato yield. Deficit irrigation recorded higher crop water productivity (CWP) compared to full irrigation. At 50% deficit irrigation, organic compost recorded the highest CWP of 4.54 kg/m 3 in 2020 while inorganic fertilizer recorded the highest CWP of 5.52 kg/m 3 in 2021. No fertilizer at full irrigation recorded the lowest CWP of 1.37 and 1.67 kg/m 3 in 2020 and 2021, respectively. This study has revealed that deficit irrigation with organic compost has the same effect on yield and water productivity as full irrigation with inorganic fertilizer. The strong agreement observed between the measured and simulated yields under the different irrigation and nutrient management shows that the DSSAT CROPGRO tomato model can be used to simulate tomato fruit yield under future climate scenarios. However, the general overestimation of the measured tomato yield shows the limitations of the model to simulate the real-world complexity of cropping systems under controlled conditions. This calls for more research into crop system modeling in controlled environment agriculture.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height did not have a specific influence on tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Organ / stage
- Plant heighte0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- did not have a specific influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“Plant height and stem girth did not have a specific influence on tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem girth did not have a specific influence on tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- stem girthe0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- did not have a specific influencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“stem girth did not have a specific influence on tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Branch number positively affected tomato yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- branchese0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- positive effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of branches had a positive effect on tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic fertilizer plus full irrigation produced 7691.4 kg/ha tomato yield in 2020.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizer and full irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 7691.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“combined use of inorganic fertilizer and full irrigation was found to improve tomato yield up to 7691.4 and 9009.9 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Inorganic fertilizer plus full irrigation produced 9009.9 kg/ha tomato yield in 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizer and full irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 9009.9 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“combined use of inorganic fertilizer and full irrigation was found to improve tomato yield up to 7691.4 and 9009.9 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
No fertilizer at 50% deficit irrigation yielded 1423.9 kg/ha in 2020, the lowest treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- no fertilizer application at 50% deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1423.9e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“no fertilizer application at 50% deficit irrigation recorded the lowest tomato yield of 1423.9 and 1739.2 kg/ha in 2020 and 2021, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No fertilizer at 50% deficit irrigation yielded 1739.2 kg/ha in 2021, the lowest treatment.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- no fertilizer application at 50% deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1739.2 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“no fertilizer application at 50% deficit irrigation recorded the lowest tomato yield of 1423.9 and 1739.2 kg/ha in 2020 and 2021, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic compost gave the highest tomato yield at both deficit irrigation levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- organic composte0
- Outcome
- tomato yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 50 and 75% ETce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“For the two deficit irrigations (50 and 75% ETc), organic compost produced the highest tomato yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation had higher crop water productivity than full irrigation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- crop water productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- full irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“Deficit irrigation recorded higher crop water productivity (CWP) compared to full irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% deficit irrigation, compost had highest CWP of 4.54 kg/m 3 in 2020.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- organic composte0
- Outcome
- CWPe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.54 kg/m 3e0
- Qualifier
- 50% deficit irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“At 50% deficit irrigation, organic compost recorded the highest CWP of 4.54 kg/m 3 in 2020”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50% deficit irrigation, inorganic fertilizer had highest CWP of 5.52 kg/m 3 in 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inorganic fertilizere0
- Outcome
- CWPe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.52 kg/m 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“inorganic fertilizer recorded the highest CWP of 5.52 kg/m 3 in 2021”
Claim · model-written summary
No fertilizer at full irrigation had lowest CWP of 1.37 kg/m 3 in 2020.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- No fertilizer at full irrigatione0
- Outcome
- CWPe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.37e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“No fertilizer at full irrigation recorded the lowest CWP of 1.37 and 1.67 kg/m 3 in 2020 and 2021, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
No fertilizer at full irrigation had lowest CWP of 1.67 kg/m 3 in 2021.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- No fertilizer at full irrigatione0
- Outcome
- CWPe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.67 kg/m 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“No fertilizer at full irrigation recorded the lowest CWP of 1.37 and 1.67 kg/m 3 in 2020 and 2021, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation plus compost produced comparable yield and water productivity to full irrigation plus inorganic fertilizer.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation with organic composte0
- Outcome
- yield and water productivitye0
- Direction
- same effecte0
- Comparator
- full irrigation with inorganic fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“deficit irrigation with organic compost has the same effect on yield and water productivity as full irrigation with inorganic fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured and simulated yields agreed strongly across irrigation and nutrient management.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- agreement observed between the measured and simulated yieldse0
- Comparator
- measured and simulated yieldse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“strong agreement observed between the measured and simulated yields under the different irrigation and nutrient management”
Claim · model-written summary
The tomato model generally overestimated measured yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- measured tomato yielde0
- Direction
- overestimatione0
- Comparator
- measured tomato yielde0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
e0“general overestimation of the measured tomato yield”
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