Abstract
Seaweeds are considered a biomass for third-generation biofuel, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a valuable process for efficiently disposing of the excess of macroalgae biomass for conversion into multiple value-added products. However, the HTC process produces a liquid phase to be disposed of. The present study aims to investigate the effects of seed-priming treatment with three HTC-discarded liquid phases (namely AHL180, AHL240, and AHL300), obtained from different experimental procedures, on seed germination and plant growth and productivity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. To disentangle the osmotic effects from the use of AHL, isotonic solutions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 have also been tested. Seed germination was not affected by AHL seed-priming treatment. In contrast, PEG-treated samples showed significantly lower seed germination success. AHL-treated samples showed changes in plant biomass: higher shoot biomass was recorded especially in AHL180 samples. Conversely, AHL240 and AHL300 samples showed higher root biomass. The higher plant biomass values recorded in AHL-treated samples were the consequence of higher values of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, which, in turn, were related to higher stomatal density. Recorded data strongly support the hypothesis of the AHL solution reuse in agriculture in the framework of resource management and circular green economy.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination of Phaseolus vulgaris was not affected by AHL seed-priming treatment.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- AHL seed-priming treatmente0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination was not affected by AHL seed-priming treatment”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
PEG-treated samples showed significantly lower seed germination success.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- PEG-treatede0
- Outcome
- seed germination successe0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PEG-treated samples showed significantly lower seed germination success”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot biomass was higher in AHL180-primed samples.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- AHL180e0
- Outcome
- shoot biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher shoot biomass was recorded especially in AHL180 samples”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass was higher in AHL240-primed samples.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- AHL240e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AHL240 and AHL300 samples showed higher root biomass”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
Root biomass was higher in AHL300-primed samples.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- AHL300e0
- Outcome
- root biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AHL240 and AHL300 samples showed higher root biomass”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute the higher plant biomass of AHL-treated samples to higher photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, related to higher stomatal density.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- AHL-treated samplese0
- Outcome
- higher plant biomass valuese0
- Qualifier
- consequence of higher values of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiencye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher plant biomass values recorded in AHL-treated samples were the consequence of higher values of photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency, which, in turn, were related to higher stomatal density”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state that the data strongly support reuse of the AHL solution in agriculture.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Outcome
- AHL solution reuse in agriculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recorded data strongly support the hypothesis of the AHL solution reuse in agriculture”
t0“Phaseolus vulgaris”
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