Abstract
Purpose: The study aimed to overcome the seed dormancy of Datura stramonium L. by chemical scarification, pre-chilling, and different gibberellic acid (GA3) levels. Materials and Methods: The seeds were prechilled at 4°C and 10°C for 7 days and treated with sulfuric acid (97-98% H2SO4) for 15 minutes, and increasing doses of GA3 (250, 500, and 1000 ppm). Distilled water for hydration and untreated seeds served as a control. Results: The results showed that no germination was observed in the control and prechilled seeds of Datura stramonium L. The dormancy rate was 100% and the seed dormancy resulted from both hard seed coat and physical dormancy. Mean germination time and germination index of control seeds could not be calculated because no seed germination occurred. Although the chemical scarification showed a beneficial effect for breaking dormancy, the gibberellic acid applications were more effective seed treatments for increasing germination compared to sulfuric acid. The germination percentage increased from 0.0% to 44.5% in the seeds scarified and treated with 1000 ppm GA3, while the germination percentage of primed seeds with 1000 ppm GA3 was 68.5%. Mean germination time was lessened by GA3 doses and scarification. Furthermore, the germination index was promoted by the applications of GA3, especially in the seeds without scarification. The higher germination index was obtained from control seeds under all levels of GA3. The highest shoot length was measured at the highest level of GA3 with 14.6 cm. Conclusion: Seed dormancy can be effectively broken by the application of 1000 ppm GA3 without chemical scarification.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid applications were more effective than sulfuric acid for increasing germination of Datura stramonium seeds.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.
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Datura stramoniumt0 - Treatment
- gibberellic acid applicationse2
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- more effectivee2
- Comparator
- sulfuric acide2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e2“Although the chemical scarification showed a beneficial effect for breaking dormancy, the gibberellic acid applications were more effective seed treatments for increasing germination compared to sulfuric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
No germination occurred in the control and prechilled seeds of Datura stramonium.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Outcome
- no germination was observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e0“The results showed that no germination was observed in the control and prechilled seeds of Datura stramonium L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The dormancy rate of Datura stramonium seeds was 100%.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Outcome
- dormancy ratee1
- Value
- 100%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e1“The dormancy rate was 100% and the seed dormancy resulted from both hard seed coat and physical dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dormancy in Datura stramonium resulted from both a hard seed coat and physical dormancy.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye1
- Qualifier
- both hard seed coat and physical dormancye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e1“The dormancy rate was 100% and the seed dormancy resulted from both hard seed coat and physical dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical scarification with sulfuric acid had a beneficial effect for breaking dormancy of Datura stramonium seeds.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- chemical scarificatione2
- Outcome
- breaking dormancye2
- Direction
- beneficial effecte2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e2“Although the chemical scarification showed a beneficial effect for breaking dormancy, the gibberellic acid applications were more effective seed treatments for increasing germination compared to sulfuric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Scarification plus 1000 ppm GA3 increased germination percentage from 0.0% to 44.5% in Datura stramonium.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- scarified and treated with 1000 ppm GA3e3
- Outcome
- germination percentagee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 0.0% to 44.5%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e3“The germination percentage increased from 0.0% to 44.5% in the seeds scarified and treated with 1000 ppm GA3, while the germination percentage of primed seeds with 1000 ppm GA3 was 68.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Primed seeds with 1000 ppm GA3 gave a germination percentage of 68.5% in Datura stramonium.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- primed seeds with 1000 ppm GA3e3
- Outcome
- germination percentagee3
- Value
- 68.5%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e3“The germination percentage increased from 0.0% to 44.5% in the seeds scarified and treated with 1000 ppm GA3, while the germination percentage of primed seeds with 1000 ppm GA3 was 68.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 doses and scarification lessened mean germination time of Datura stramonium seeds.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- GA3 doses and scarificatione4
- Outcome
- Mean germination timee4
- Direction
- lessenede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e4“Mean germination time was lessened by GA3 doses and scarification”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 applications promoted germination index of Datura stramonium seeds, especially without scarification.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- the applications of GA3e5
- Outcome
- germination indexe5
- Direction
- promotede5
- Qualifier
- especially in the seeds without scarificatione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e5“Furthermore, the germination index was promoted by the applications of GA3, especially in the seeds without scarification”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest germination index of Datura stramonium was obtained from control seeds under all levels of GA3.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- under all levels of GA3e6
- Outcome
- germination indexe6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- control seedse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e6“The higher germination index was obtained from control seeds under all levels of GA3”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest GA3 level gave the highest shoot length, 14.6 cm, in Datura stramonium.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- the highest level of GA3e7
- Outcome
- shoot lengthe7
- Direction
- higheste7
- Value
- 14.6 cme7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e7“The highest shoot length was measured at the highest level of GA3 with 14.6 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed dormancy of Datura stramonium can be effectively broken by 1000 ppm GA3 without chemical scarification.
- Taxon
- Datura stramonium L.Datura stramoniumt0
- Treatment
- 1000 ppm GA3e1
- Outcome
- Seed dormancye1
- Direction
- effectively brokene1
- Comparator
- without chemical scarificatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Datura stramonium L.”
e1“Seed dormancy can be effectively broken by the application of 1000 ppm GA3 without chemical scarification”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Datura stramonium (jimsonweed)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.