Abstract
Neurada procumbens (Neuradaceae) is an importent plant of the Cholistan desert and is traditionally been used for the treatment and control of diabetes, fever, inflammations and jaundice. The aim of the current project is to investigate the bioactive compounds, free radical scavenging capacity and the anti-inflammatory potential of Neurada procumbens separately for its aerial and floral parts in six different extracts. The phytochemical profile (total bioactive contents, HPLC polyphenolic quantification), anti-oxidant (DPPH and FRAP assays), anti-inflammatory (HRBC stabilization) activities of the Aqu, MetOH, n-But, EtAc, n-Hex, and DCM extracts from the aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens were quantified. Based on the current results, the aerial and floral parts of N. procumbens extracts have found to contain a significant amount of active metabolites including polyphenolic compounds such as 2,3 di MeO benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin dihydrate and t-ferrulic acid. The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the plant were found to range from 28.13 to 78.9 GAE mg/g of plant and 17.23 to 68.23 RE mg/g of plant, respectively. DCM and n-But extracts of floral part exhibited comparatively higher antioxidant potential in DPPH (IC50 < 100 μg/ml) and FRAP (IC50 < 55 μg/ml) assays compared to aerial part. The dichloromethane floral extract demonstrated impressive anti-inflammatory activity in the hemolytic red blood cell lysis assay, with 83 % protection of HRBC lysis at an IC50 of 469.6 µg/ml (p < 0.01). In vivo, a 300 mg/kg body weight of DCM floral extract reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema by 8.51 ± 0.35 mm to 7.65 ± 0.38 mm, a highly significant difference (p < 0.001).The toxicity studies revealed that the floral-DCM dose extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW, while its lethal dose (LD50) was found to be 4472.13 mg/kg BW in rats. Due to quite low toxicity effects, the floral part of the plant could be recommended as a safe pharmacological agent for various therapeutic applications.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenolic content of Neurada procumbens ranged from 28.13 to 78.9 GAE mg/g of plant.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbens
Neurada procumbenst0 - Outcome
- total phenolice1
- Value
- 28.13 to 78.9 GAE mg/ge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e1“The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the plant were found to range from 28.13 to 78.9 GAE mg/g of plant and 17.23 to 68.23 RE mg/g of plant, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Total flavonoid content of Neurada procumbens ranged from 17.23 to 68.23 RE mg/g of plant.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Outcome
- total flavonoide1
- Value
- 17.23 to 68.23 RE mg/ge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e1“The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the plant were found to range from 28.13 to 78.9 GAE mg/g of plant and 17.23 to 68.23 RE mg/g of plant, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens contain a significant amount of polyphenolic compounds, including 2,3 di MeO benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- aerial and floral partse2
- Outcome
- polyphenolic compoundse2
- Qualifier
- 2,3 di MeO benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acide2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e2“the aerial and floral parts of N. procumbens extracts have found to contain a significant amount of active metabolites including polyphenolic compounds such as 2,3 di MeO benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin dihydrate and t-ferrulic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens contain a significant amount of polyphenolic compounds, including quercetin dihydrate and t-ferrulic acid.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- aerial and floral partse2
- Outcome
- polyphenolic compoundse2
- Qualifier
- quercetin dihydrate and t-ferrulic acide2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e2“the aerial and floral parts of N. procumbens extracts have found to contain a significant amount of active metabolites including polyphenolic compounds such as 2,3 di MeO benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin dihydrate and t-ferrulic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral-part DCM and n-butanol extracts had higher DPPH antioxidant potential (IC50 < 100 μg/ml) than the aerial part.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- floral parte3
- Treatment
- DCM and n-But extractse3
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- IC50 < 100 μg/mle3
- Qualifier
- DPPHe3
- Comparator
- aerial parte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e3“DCM and n-But extracts of floral part exhibited comparatively higher antioxidant potential in DPPH (IC50 < 100 μg/ml) and FRAP (IC50 < 55 μg/ml) assays compared to aerial part”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral-part DCM and n-butanol extracts had higher FRAP antioxidant potential (IC50 < 55 μg/ml) than the aerial part.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Organ / stage
- floral parte3
- Treatment
- DCM and n-But extractse3
- Outcome
- antioxidant potentiale3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- IC50 < 55 μg/mle3
- Qualifier
- FRAPe3
- Comparator
- aerial parte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e3“DCM and n-But extracts of floral part exhibited comparatively higher antioxidant potential in DPPH (IC50 < 100 μg/ml) and FRAP (IC50 < 55 μg/ml) assays compared to aerial part”
Claim · model-written summary
The dichloromethane floral extract protected 83 % of HRBC from lysis, a significant result.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Treatment
- The dichloromethane floral extracte4
- Outcome
- protection of HRBC lysise4
- Value
- 83 %e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e4“The dichloromethane floral extract demonstrated impressive anti-inflammatory activity in the hemolytic red blood cell lysis assay, with 83 % protection of HRBC lysis at an IC50 of 469.6 µg/ml (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
The dichloromethane floral extract had an IC50 of 469.6 µg/ml in the HRBC lysis assay.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Treatment
- The dichloromethane floral extracte4
- Outcome
- IC50e4
- Value
- 469.6 µg/mle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e4“The dichloromethane floral extract demonstrated impressive anti-inflammatory activity in the hemolytic red blood cell lysis assay, with 83 % protection of HRBC lysis at an IC50 of 469.6 µg/ml (p < 0.01)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 300 mg/kg dose of DCM floral extract reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema from 8.51 to 7.65 mm, a highly significant difference.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Treatment
- 300 mg/kg body weight of DCM floral extracte5
- Outcome
- carrageenan-induced paw oedemae5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 8.51 ± 0.35 mm to 7.65 ± 0.38 mme5
- Qualifier
- p < 0.001e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e5“In vivo, a 300 mg/kg body weight of DCM floral extract reduced carrageenan-induced paw oedema by 8.51 ± 0.35 mm to 7.65 ± 0.38 mm, a highly significant difference (p < 0.001)”
Claim · model-written summary
The floral-DCM extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW in toxicity studies.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Treatment
- floral-DCM dose extracte6
- Outcome
- toxicitye6
- Value
- 2000 mg/kg BWe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e6“The toxicity studies revealed that the floral-DCM dose extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW, while its lethal dose (LD50) was found to be 4472.13 mg/kg BW in rats”
Claim · model-written summary
The lethal dose (LD50) of the floral-DCM extract in rats was 4472.13 mg/kg BW.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Outcome
- lethal dose (LD50)e6
- Value
- 4472.13 mg/kg BWe6
- Qualifier
- in ratse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e6“The toxicity studies revealed that the floral-DCM dose extract was found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW, while its lethal dose (LD50) was found to be 4472.13 mg/kg BW in rats”
Claim · model-written summary
The floral part of Neurada procumbens could be recommended as a safe pharmacological agent.
- Taxon
- Neurada procumbensNeurada procumbenst0
- Outcome
- safe pharmacological agente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“aerial and floral parts of Neurada procumbens extracts”
e7“the floral part of the plant could be recommended as a safe pharmacological agent for various therapeutic applications”