Abstract
Development of organic fertilizers is need of time to minimize losses in crop yield and enhance soil quality. Humic substances (HSs) are promising natural resources having a persistent effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake by improving soil nutrient status which could improve soil quality and crop yield for the socioeconomic wellbeing. A pot experiment was conducted at National Agriculture Research Center Islamabad, Pakistan to evaluate the effect of HSs and HSs based nutrient products for improving the growth, nutrient uptake in maize and fertility status of soil. Five HSs based nutrient products namely Product 1, Product 2, Product 3, Product 4 and Product 5 along with control were included in the study in comparison with 75% of recommended of N, P and K as basal dose. All products were evaluated at four levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 Lha -1 ) of application rate in two factor factorial completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications for each of the treatment. Results indicated that application of HSs based products enhanced plants plant height, stem girth, fresh and dry biomass and grain weight between 132.42 cm to 267.7 cm, 0.96 cm to 1.42 cm, 108.98 g to 346.92 g, 26.2 g to 65.6 g and 53.5 g to 166.8 g compared to control (109 cm, 0.92 cm, 98.12 g, 21.34 g and 43.2 g). Similarly, in response to these treatments applied the nutrient contents were recorded as N increased from 0.52 to 1.94 g 100g -1 , P from 0.20 to 0.58 g 100g -1 and K from 1.68 to 2.60 g 100g -1 . Post-harvest soil analysis indicated that HSs based products improved the soil properties by increasing the nutrient content and decreasing soil pH as compared to control. It was concluded that HSs based products not only enhanced nutrient uptake and plant growth of maize but also potentially improve the soil quality while saving 25% of the recommended fertilizer use.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products increased maize plant height to 132.42–267.7 cm versus 109 cm in controls.
- Treatment
- HSs based productse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 132.42 cm to 267.7 cme0
- Qualifier
- 109 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of HSs based products enhanced plants plant height, stem girth, fresh and dry biomass and grain weight between 132.42 cm to 267.7 cm, 0.96 cm to 1.42 cm, 108.98 g to 346.92 g, 26.2 g to 65.6 g and 53.5 g to 166.8 g compared to control (109 cm, 0.92 cm, 98.12 g, 21.34 g and 43.2 g)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products increased maize stem girth to 0.96–1.42 cm versus 0.92 cm in controls.
- Treatment
- HSs based productse0
- Outcome
- stem girthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 0.96 cm to 1.42 cme0
- Qualifier
- 0.92 cme0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of HSs based products enhanced plants plant height, stem girth, fresh and dry biomass and grain weight between 132.42 cm to 267.7 cm, 0.96 cm to 1.42 cm, 108.98 g to 346.92 g, 26.2 g to 65.6 g and 53.5 g to 166.8 g compared to control (109 cm, 0.92 cm, 98.12 g, 21.34 g and 43.2 g)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products increased maize fresh biomass to 108.98–346.92 g versus 98.12 g in controls.
- Treatment
- HSs based productse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 108.98 g to 346.92 ge0
- Qualifier
- 98.12 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of HSs based products enhanced plants plant height, stem girth, fresh and dry biomass and grain weight between 132.42 cm to 267.7 cm, 0.96 cm to 1.42 cm, 108.98 g to 346.92 g, 26.2 g to 65.6 g and 53.5 g to 166.8 g compared to control (109 cm, 0.92 cm, 98.12 g, 21.34 g and 43.2 g)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products increased maize dry biomass to 26.2–65.6 g versus 21.34 g in controls.
- Treatment
- HSs based productse0
- Outcome
- dry biomasse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 26.2 g to 65.6 ge0
- Qualifier
- 21.34 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of HSs based products enhanced plants plant height, stem girth, fresh and dry biomass and grain weight between 132.42 cm to 267.7 cm, 0.96 cm to 1.42 cm, 108.98 g to 346.92 g, 26.2 g to 65.6 g and 53.5 g to 166.8 g compared to control (109 cm, 0.92 cm, 98.12 g, 21.34 g and 43.2 g)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products increased maize grain weight to 53.5–166.8 g versus 43.2 g in controls.
- Treatment
- HSs based productse0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 53.5 g to 166.8 ge0
- Qualifier
- 43.2 ge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of HSs based products enhanced plants plant height, stem girth, fresh and dry biomass and grain weight between 132.42 cm to 267.7 cm, 0.96 cm to 1.42 cm, 108.98 g to 346.92 g, 26.2 g to 65.6 g and 53.5 g to 166.8 g compared to control (109 cm, 0.92 cm, 98.12 g, 21.34 g and 43.2 g)”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen content increased from 0.52 to 1.94 g 100g -1 under the treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in response to these treatments applied the nutrient contents were recorded as N increased from 0.52 to 1.94 g 100g -1”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus content rose from 0.20 to 0.58 g 100g -1 under the treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P from 0.20 to 0.58 g 100g -1”
e1“in response to these treatments applied the nutrient contents were recorded as N increased”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium content rose from 1.68 to 2.60 g 100g -1 under the treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K from 1.68 to 2.60 g 100g -1”
e1“in response to these treatments applied the nutrient contents were recorded as N increased”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products increased postharvest soil nutrient content relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HSs based products improved the soil properties by increasing the nutrient content and decreasing soil pH as compared to control”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Humic-based products decreased postharvest soil pH relative to control.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HSs based products improved the soil properties by increasing the nutrient content and decreasing soil pH as compared to control”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude the products could save 25% of recommended fertilizer use while improving maize growth and soil quality.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HSs based products not only enhanced nutrient uptake and plant growth of maize but also potentially improve the soil quality while saving 25% of the recommended fertilizer use”
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