Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), as an endogenous gas signaling molecule, plays an important role in plant growth regulation and resistance to abiotic stress. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of exogenous H 2 S on the growth and development of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings under salt stress and to determine the optimal concentration for foliar application. To investigate the regulatory effects of exogenous H 2 S (donor sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1 mM on reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant system, and osmoregulation in R. soongorica seedlings under 300 mM NaCl stress. The growth of R. soongorica seedlings was inhibited by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content (LRWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and soluble sugar content in leaves, elevated activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT); and accumulated superoxide anion (O 2 – ), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble protein content in leaves; and increased L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and endogenous H 2 S content. This indicated that a high level of ROS was produced in the leaves of R. soongorica seedlings and seriously affected the growth and development of R. soongorica seedlings. The exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS reduced the content of O 2 – , proline and MDA, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmoregulators (soluble sugars and soluble proteins), while the LCD enzyme activity and the content of endogenous H 2 S were further increased with the continuous application of exogenous H 2 S. The inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth rate of plant height and ground diameter, the LRWC, biomass, and SLA were effectively alleviated. A comprehensive analysis showed that the LRWC, POD, and proline could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the alleviating effect of exogenous H 2 S on R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress. The optimal concentration of exogenous H 2 S for R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress was 0.025 mM. This study provides an important theoretical foundation for understanding the salt tolerance mechanism of R. soongorica and for cultivating high-quality germplasm resources.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress inhibited seedling growth.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- growth of R. soongorica seedlingse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The growth of R. soongorica seedlings was inhibited by salt stress”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress decreased leaf relative water content, specific leaf area, and soluble sugar content.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content (LRWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and soluble sugar content in leavese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“a decrease in the leaf relative water content (LRWC), specific leaf area (SLA), and soluble sugar content in leaves”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
e1“by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress elevated superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“elevated activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
e1“by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress accumulated superoxide anion, proline, and malondialdehyde.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- superoxide anion (O 2 – ), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- accumulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“accumulated superoxide anion (O 2 – ), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
e1“by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress accumulated leaf soluble protein.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- soluble protein content in leavese0
- Direction
- accumulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“soluble protein content in leaves”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
e1“accumulated superoxide anion (O 2 – ), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and soluble protein content in leaves”
e2“by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased LCD activity and endogenous hydrogen sulfide content.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- salt stresse1
- Outcome
- L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and endogenous H 2 S contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased L-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and endogenous H 2 S content”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
e1“by salt stress, which resulted in a decrease in the leaf relative water content”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS reduced superoxide anion, proline, and malondialdehyde under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHSe0
- Outcome
- content of O 2 – , proline and MDAe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS reduced the content of O 2 – , proline and MDA”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS increased antioxidant enzyme activity under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHSe0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS reduced the content of O 2 – , proline and MDA, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS increased soluble sugar and soluble protein content under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHSe1
- Outcome
- content of osmoregulators (soluble sugars and soluble proteins)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmoregulators (soluble sugars and soluble proteins)”
e1“exogenous application of different concentrations of NaHS”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Continued exogenous hydrogen sulfide further increased LCD activity and endogenous hydrogen sulfide content.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- continuous application of exogenous H 2 Se0
- Outcome
- LCD enzyme activity and the content of endogenous H 2 Se0
- Direction
- further increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the LCD enzyme activity and the content of endogenous H 2 S were further increased with the continuous application of exogenous H 2 S”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous hydrogen sulfide alleviated salt inhibition of height and ground diameter growth rates.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst1
- Treatment
- Exogenous hydrogen sulfidet0
- Outcome
- growth rate of plant height and ground diametere0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth rate of plant height and ground diameter, the LRWC, biomass, and SLA were effectively alleviated.”
t0“Exogenous hydrogen sulfide”
t1“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous hydrogen sulfide alleviated salt inhibition of leaf relative water content, biomass, and specific leaf area.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst1
- Treatment
- Exogenous hydrogen sulfidet0
- Outcome
- LRWC, biomass, and SLAe0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effects of salt stress on the growth rate of plant height and ground diameter, the LRWC, biomass, and SLA were effectively alleviated.”
t0“Exogenous hydrogen sulfide”
t1“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf relative water content, peroxidase, and proline were identified as main indicators of alleviation.
- Taxon
- Reaumuria soongorica seedlingst0
- Treatment
- exogenous H 2 Se0
- Outcome
- LRWC, POD, and proline could be used as the main indicatorse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“the LRWC, POD, and proline could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the alleviating effect of exogenous H 2 S on R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The reported optimal exogenous hydrogen sulfide concentration under salt stress was 0.025 mM.
Verbatim
e0“The optimal concentration of exogenous H 2 S for R. soongorica seedlings under salt stress was 0.025 mM.”
t0“Reaumuria soongorica seedlings”