Abstract
Soft rot is a severe postharvest disease of kiwifruit that causes enormous economic losses annually. In this study, we aimed to explore an effective pullulan-based active coating, incorporating food additives to reduce soft rot and extend the shelf life of cold-stored kiwifruit. The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot. Furthermore, the pullulan coating, combined with a 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite group, had a decay rate 46% lower than the control (CK) group and maintained fruit quality at the end of shelf life. The retention of physicochemical properties such as soluble solid content (SSC), firmness, weight loss and respiration rate also confirmed the efficacy of the treatment. In addition, at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%), maintained a high energy charge (51.36%), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) (6.27%), peroxidase (POD) (62.50%), catalase (CAT) (84.62%) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) (24.61%) enzyme activities as well as initiating the upregulation of their gene expression levels. As a result, the disease resistance of fruit was improved, and the occurrence of soft rot was delayed. Overall, this study demonstrated that using the pullulan-based active coating incorporating potassium metabisulfite treatment effectively controlled soft rot and retarded the senescence of postharvest kiwifruit.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
1 g/L potassium metabisulfite completely inhibits the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp. and other kiwifruit soft rot pathogens in vitro.
- Taxon
- kiwifruit
Actinidia deliciosae0 - Treatment
- 1 g/L potassium metabisulfitee0
- Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- completely inhibite0
- Qualifier
- Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp.e0
DiaportheOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
Claim · model-written summary
A pullulan coating combined with 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite lowers kiwifruit decay rate by 46% relative to the control.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with a 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite groupe1
- Outcome
- decay ratee1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 46%e1
- Comparator
- control (CK) groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“the pullulan coating, combined with a 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite group, had a decay rate 46% lower than the control (CK) group and maintained fruit quality at the end of shelf life”
Claim · model-written summary
A pullulan coating combined with 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite maintains kiwifruit fruit quality at the end of shelf life.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with a 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite groupe1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye1
- Direction
- maintainede1
- Qualifier
- at the end of shelf lifee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“the pullulan coating, combined with a 10 g/L potassium metabisulfite group, had a decay rate 46% lower than the control (CK) group and maintained fruit quality at the end of shelf life”
Claim · model-written summary
Retention of soluble solid content, firmness and weight loss confirms the efficacy of the treatment on kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- soluble solid content (SSC), firmness, weight losse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“The retention of physicochemical properties such as soluble solid content (SSC), firmness, weight loss and respiration rate also confirmed the efficacy of the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Retention of respiration rate confirms the efficacy of the treatment on kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- respiration ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“The retention of physicochemical properties such as soluble solid content (SSC), firmness, weight loss and respiration rate also confirmed the efficacy of the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite increases total phenolic content of kiwifruit at the end of shelf life by 37.59%.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 37.59%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite increases flavonoid content of kiwifruit at the end of shelf life by 9.28%.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 9.28%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite maintains a high energy charge (51.36%) in kiwifruit at the end of shelf life.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- energy chargee2
- Direction
- maintainede2
- Value
- 51.36%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
e2“maintained a high energy charge (51.36%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite enhances superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in kiwifruit by 6.27%.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 6.27%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
e2“enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) (6.27%), peroxidase (POD) (62.50%), catalase (CAT) (84.62%) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) (24.61%) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite enhances peroxidase (POD) activity in kiwifruit by 62.50%.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 62.50%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
e2“enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) (6.27%), peroxidase (POD) (62.50%), catalase (CAT) (84.62%) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) (24.61%) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite enhances catalase (CAT) activity in kiwifruit by 84.62%.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 84.62%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
e2“enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) (6.27%), peroxidase (POD) (62.50%), catalase (CAT) (84.62%) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) (24.61%) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite enhances phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in kiwifruit by 24.61%.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)e2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 24.61%e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
e2“enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) (6.27%), peroxidase (POD) (62.50%), catalase (CAT) (84.62%) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) (24.61%) enzyme activities”
Claim · model-written summary
Pullulan coating combined with potassium metabisulfite upregulates the gene expression levels of the enzymes in kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfitee1
- Outcome
- gene expression levelse2
- Direction
- upregulatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“at the end of shelf life, pullulan coating, combined with potassium metabisulfite, increased the accumulation of total phenolic content (37.59%) and flavonoid content (9.28%)”
e2“as well as initiating the upregulation of their gene expression levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease resistance of kiwifruit is improved by the pullulan coating with potassium metabisulfite.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- disease resistance of fruite1
- Direction
- improvede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“As a result, the disease resistance of fruit was improved, and the occurrence of soft rot was delayed”
Claim · model-written summary
Occurrence of soft rot in kiwifruit is delayed by the pullulan coating with potassium metabisulfite.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Outcome
- occurrence of soft rote1
- Direction
- delayede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that 1 g/L potassium metabisulfite could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of Diaporthe sp., Botryosphaeria dothidea, Phomopsis sp. and Alternaria sp., which were the primary pathogens of kiwifruit soft rot”
e1“As a result, the disease resistance of fruit was improved, and the occurrence of soft rot was delayed”
Claim · model-written summary
The pullulan-based coating incorporating potassium metabisulfite effectively controls soft rot in postharvest kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan-based active coating incorporating potassium metabisulfitee0
- Outcome
- soft rote0
- Direction
- effectively controllede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, this study demonstrated that using the pullulan-based active coating incorporating potassium metabisulfite treatment effectively controlled soft rot and retarded the senescence of postharvest kiwifruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The pullulan-based coating incorporating potassium metabisulfite retards senescence of postharvest kiwifruit.
- Taxon
- kiwifruitActinidia deliciosae0
- Treatment
- pullulan-based active coating incorporating potassium metabisulfitee0
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- retardede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overall, this study demonstrated that using the pullulan-based active coating incorporating potassium metabisulfite treatment effectively controlled soft rot and retarded the senescence of postharvest kiwifruit”
The same questions in other papers
pullulan · disease · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
disulfite · disease · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
storage · disease · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
potassium · disease · Actinidia deliciosa (kiwifruit)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.