Abstract
Abstract Ripening as a physico-chemical change is part of a continuous developmental process and hormones play a major role in this processes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit. The fruit was sampled for morphological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis during (0, 5, 10, and 15 days after treatment). The results showed a lower accumulation of anthocyanin content was observed in fruits treated with 10 μM. The injection of 10 μM melatonin caused a lower total soluble solid content and fruit color, and higher titratable acidity and softening. The total phenol content was higher in fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin, accompanied by increased PAL enzyme activity and gene expression, increased DPPH scavenging capacity, and higher content of quercetin, gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids. The delay in fruit ripening was associated with suppression of H 2 O 2 level and endogenous ABA accumulation caused by lower expression of NCEDs genes. In general, it is concluded that activating the melatonin ROS scavenging cascade might be responsible for the delayed ripening and development of strawberry fruit. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the exogenous application of 10 μM melatonin can slow the ripening of strawberry fruit.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
10 μM melatonin lowered anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae1 - Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- anthocyanin contente2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“lower accumulation of anthocyanin content was observed in fruits treated with 10 μM”
Claim · model-written summary
10 μM melatonin lowered total soluble solid content and fruit colour.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- total soluble solid content and fruit colore2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“caused a lower total soluble solid content and fruit color”
Claim · model-written summary
10 μM melatonin raised titratable acidity and softening of strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- titratable acidity and softeninge2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“higher titratable acidity and softening”
Claim · model-written summary
Total phenol content was higher in strawberry fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- total phenol contente2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“The total phenol content was higher in fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin”
Claim · model-written summary
PAL enzyme activity and gene expression increased in strawberry fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Gene
- PALe2
- Outcome
- PAL enzyme activity and gene expressione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“accompanied by increased PAL enzyme activity and gene expression”
Claim · model-written summary
DPPH scavenging capacity increased in strawberry fruit treated with melatonin.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- DPPH scavenging capacitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“increased DPPH scavenging capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercetin, gallic and caffeic acid content was higher in strawberry fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- content of quercetin, gallic, caffeice2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“higher content of quercetin, gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorogenic acid content was higher in strawberry fruit treated with 10 µM melatonin.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- chlorogenic acidse2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“higher content of quercetin, gallic, caffeic, and chlorogenic acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Delayed ripening was associated with suppressed H2O2 level and endogenous ABA accumulation in melatonin-treated strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- external melatonine1
- Outcome
- H 2 O 2 level and endogenous ABA accumulatione2
- Direction
- suppressione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“suppression of H 2 O 2 level and endogenous ABA accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower NCEDs gene expression is the cause of the reduced endogenous ABA accumulation in melatonin-treated strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Gene
- NCEDse3
- Outcome
- endogenous ABA accumulatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“external melatonin (0 and 10 μM) injection at the light green stage on the ripening of strawberry fruit”
e2“suppression of H 2 O 2 level and endogenous ABA accumulation”
e3“caused by lower expression of NCEDs genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Activation of the melatonin ROS scavenging cascade might be responsible for the delayed ripening of strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae2
- Compound
- melatonine1
- Outcome
- delayed ripeninge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“activating the melatonin ROS scavenging cascade might be responsible for the delayed ripening”
e2“development of strawberry fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous application of 10 μM melatonin can slow the ripening of strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- exogenous application of 10 μM melatonine1
- Outcome
- ripeninge1
- Direction
- slowe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the exogenous application of 10 μM melatonin can slow the ripening of strawberry fruit”