Abstract
Abstract Southern blight disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Athelia rolfsii , suppresses plant growth and reduces product yield in Cannabis sativa agriculture. Mechanisms of pathology of this soil‐borne disease remain poorly understood, with disease management strategies reliant upon broad‐spectrum antifungal use. Exposure to chitosan, a natural elicitor, has been proposed as an alternative method to control diverse fungal diseases in an eco‐friendly manner. In this study, C. sativa plants were grown in the Root‐TRAPR system, a transparent hydroponic growth device, where plant roots were primed with .2% colloidal chitosan prior to A. rolfsii inoculation. Both chitosan‐primed and unprimed inoculated plants displayed classical symptoms of wilting and yellowish leaves, indicating successful infection. Non‐primed infected plants showed increased shoot defense responses with doubling of peroxidase and chitinase activities. The levels of growth and defense hormones including auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid were increased 2–5‐fold. In chitosan‐primed infected plants, shoot peroxidase activity and phytohormone levels were decreased 1.5–4‐fold relative to the unprimed infected plants. When compared with shoots, roots were less impacted by A. rolfsii infection, but the pathogen secreted cell wall‐degrading enzymes into the root‐growth solution. Chitosan priming inhibited root growth, with root lengths of chitosan‐primed plants approximately 65% shorter than the control, but activated root defense responses, with root peroxidase activity increased 2.7‐fold along with increased secretion of defense proteins. The results suggest that chitosan could be an alternative platform to manage southern blight disease in C. sativa cultivation; however, further optimization is required to maximize effectiveness of chitosan.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Both chitosan-primed and unprimed A. rolfsii-inoculated C. sativa plants showed classical symptoms of wilting and yellowish leaves.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativat0 - Interactor
- Athelia rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen - Outcome
- classical symptoms of wilting and yellowish leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“inoculated plants displayed classical symptoms of wilting and yellowish leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-primed A. rolfsii-infected plants showed increased shoot defense responses, with doubled peroxidase and chitinase activities.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- infectede0
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen
- Outcome
- peroxidase and chitinase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- doublinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“infected plants showed increased shoot defense responses with doubling of peroxidase and chitinase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
In non-primed infected plants, levels of growth and defense hormones including auxin, cytokinin and jasmonic acid were increased 2-5-fold.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen
- Outcome
- levels of growth and defense hormonese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2–5‐folde0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“The levels of growth and defense hormones including auxin, cytokinin, and jasmonic acid were increased 2–5‐fold”
Claim · model-written summary
In chitosan-primed infected plants, shoot peroxidase activity and phytohormone levels were decreased 1.5-4-fold relative to unprimed infected plants.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- chitosane0
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen
- Outcome
- shoot peroxidase activity and phytohormone levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.5–4‐folde0
- Comparator
- unprimed infected plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“In chitosan‐primed infected plants, shoot peroxidase activity and phytohormone levels were decreased 1.5–4‐fold relative to the unprimed infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots were less impacted than shoots by A. rolfsii infection.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen
- Outcome
- impacted by A. rolfsii infectione0
- Qualifier
- lesse0
- Comparator
- shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“When compared with shoots, roots were less impacted by A. rolfsii infection”
Claim · model-written summary
The pathogen secreted cell wall-degrading enzymes into the root-growth solution.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Interactor
- Athelia rolfsiiAgroathelia rolfsiit1pathogen
- Outcome
- secreted cell wall‐degrading enzymes into the root‐growth solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“but the pathogen secreted cell wall‐degrading enzymes into the root‐growth solution”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan priming inhibited root growth, with root lengths of chitosan-primed plants approximately 65% shorter than the control.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Chitosan priminge0
- Outcome
- root lengthse0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Value
- 65%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“Chitosan priming inhibited root growth, with root lengths of chitosan‐primed plants approximately 65% shorter than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan priming activated root defense responses, with root peroxidase activity increased 2.7-fold.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Chitosan priminge1
- Outcome
- root peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.7‐folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“but activated root defense responses, with root peroxidase activity increased 2.7‐fold along with increased secretion of defense proteins”
e1“Chitosan priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan priming was accompanied by increased secretion of defense proteins from roots.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativaCannabis sativat0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Chitosan priminge1
- Outcome
- secretion of defense proteinse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“but activated root defense responses, with root peroxidase activity increased 2.7‐fold along with increased secretion of defense proteins”
e1“Chitosan priming”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest chitosan could be an alternative platform to manage southern blight disease in C. sativa cultivation, although further optimization is required.
- Taxon
- C. sativaCannabis sativae0
- Outcome
- manage southern blight diseasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cannabis sativa”
t1“Athelia rolfsii”
e0“chitosan could be an alternative platform to manage southern blight disease in C. sativa cultivation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.