Abstract
Abstract Intercropping can obtain yield advantages, but the mechanism of yield advantages of maize-legume intercropping is still unclear. Then, we explored the effects of cropping systems and N input on yield advantages in a two-year experiment. Cropping systems included monoculture maize ( Zea mays L.) (MM), monoculture soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) (MS), monoculture peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) (MP), maize-soybean substitutive relay intercropping (IMS), and maize-peanut substitutive strip intercropping (IMP). N input included without N (N0) and N addition (N1). Results showed that maize’s leaf area index was 31.0% and 34.6% higher in IMS and IMP than in MM. The specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a (chl a) of maize were notably higher by 8.0% and 18.8% in IMS, 3.1%, and 18.6% in IMP compared with MM. Finally, N addition resulted in a higher thousand kernels weight of maize in IMS and IMP than that in MM. More dry matter accumulated and partitioned to the grain, maize's averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect were 0.76 and 2.75 t ha −1 in IMS, 0.78 and 2.83 t ha −1 in IMP. The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of intercropped soybean were 16.8% and 26% higher than MS. Although soybean suffers from shade during coexistence, recovered growth strengthens leaf functional traits and increases dry matter accumulation. The averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect of intercropped soybean were 0.76 and 0.47 t ha −1 . The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of peanuts in IMP were 69.1% and 14.4% lower than in the MP. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of peanut in MP were 17.0% and 24.4% higher than in IMP. A less dry matter was partitioned to the grain for intercropped peanut. The averaged pLER and NE of intercropped peanuts were 0.26 and -0.55 t ha −1 . In conclusion, the strengthened leaf functional traits promote dry matter accumulation, maize-soybean relay intercropping obtained a win–win yield advantage, and maize-peanut strip intercropping achieved a trade-off yield advantage.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf area index was 31.0% higher in maize-soybean intercropping (IMS) than in monoculture maize (MM).
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize’s leaf area index was 31.0% and 34.6% higher in IMS and IMP than in MM”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize leaf area index was 34.6% higher in maize-peanut intercropping (IMP) than in monoculture maize (MM).
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize’s leaf area index was 31.0% and 34.6% higher in IMS and IMP than in MM”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a were higher by 8.0% and 18.8%, respectively, in IMS than in MM.
- Treatment
- IMSe0
- Outcome
- specific leaf weight and chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 8.0% and 18.8%e0
- Comparator
- MMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a (chl a) of maize were notably higher by 8.0% and 18.8% in IMS, 3.1%, and 18.6% in IMP compared with MM”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a were higher by 3.1% and 18.6%, respectively, in IMP than in MM.
- Treatment
- IMPe0
- Outcome
- specific leaf weight and chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.1%, and 18.6%e0
- Comparator
- MMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The specific leaf weight and chlorophyll a (chl a) of maize were notably higher by 8.0% and 18.8% in IMS, 3.1%, and 18.6% in IMP compared with MM”
Claim · model-written summary
With N addition, maize thousand kernels weight was higher in IMS and IMP than in MM.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N addition resulted in a higher thousand kernels weight of maize in IMS and IMP than that in MM”
Claim · model-written summary
More dry matter accumulated and was partitioned to the grain in the intercropping systems.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“More dry matter accumulated and partitioned to the grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize averaged partial land equivalent ratio and net effect were 0.76 and 2.75 t ha-1 in IMS.
- Treatment
- IMSe0
- Outcome
- averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effecte0
- Value
- 0.76 and 2.75 t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize's averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect were 0.76 and 2.75 t ha −1 in IMS, 0.78 and 2.83 t ha −1 in IMP”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize averaged partial land equivalent ratio and net effect were 0.78 and 2.83 t ha-1 in IMP.
- Treatment
- IMPe0
- Outcome
- averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effecte0
- Value
- 0.78 and 2.83 t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize's averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect were 0.76 and 2.75 t ha −1 in IMS, 0.78 and 2.83 t ha −1 in IMP”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index and specific leaf weight of intercropped soybean were 16.8% and 26% higher than in monoculture soybean (MS).
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- leaf area index and specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 16.8% and 26%e0
- Comparator
- MSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of intercropped soybean were 16.8% and 26% higher than MS”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged partial land equivalent ratio and net effect of intercropped soybean were 0.76 and 0.47 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effecte0
- Value
- 0.76 and 0.47 t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The averaged partial land equivalent ratio and the net effect of intercropped soybean were 0.76 and 0.47 t ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf area index and specific leaf weight of peanuts in IMP were 69.1% and 14.4% lower than in monoculture peanut (MP).
- Taxon
- peanuts
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Treatment
- IMPe0
- Outcome
- leaf area index and specific leaf weighte0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 69.1% and 14.4%e0
- Comparator
- MPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaf area index and specific leaf weight of peanuts in IMP were 69.1% and 14.4% lower than in the MP”
Claim · model-written summary
Less dry matter was partitioned to the grain for intercropped peanut.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- dry matter was partitioned to the graine0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A less dry matter was partitioned to the grain for intercropped peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Averaged pLER and NE of intercropped peanuts were 0.26 and -0.55 t ha-1.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Treatment
- intercroppede0
- Outcome
- averaged pLER and NEe0
- Value
- 0.26 and -0.55 t ha −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The averaged pLER and NE of intercropped peanuts were 0.26 and -0.55 t ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that strengthened leaf functional traits promote dry matter accumulation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the strengthened leaf functional traits promote dry matter accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-soybean relay intercropping obtained a win-win yield advantage.
Verbatim
e0“maize-soybean relay intercropping obtained a win–win yield advantage”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-peanut strip intercropping achieved a trade-off yield advantage.
Verbatim
e0“maize-peanut strip intercropping achieved a trade-off yield advantage”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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- no effect
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.