Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nano-urea, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on seed germination and various growth parameters of Raphanus sativus L. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replicates per treatment and a total of eight treatments. Both nano-urea and IAA were applied through foliar spray whereas P and K were given as in-soil treatment. The seed germination centage was measured on the 14th day after sowing. The results demonstrated that all treatments improved seed germination compared to the control. Nano-urea alone increased the germination percentage from 40.83% to 54.16%, while the combination of nano-urea and IAA further enhanced it to 67.5%. The highest germination percentage of 75.83% was achieved with the simultaneous application of nano-urea, IAA, P and K. Additionally, the treatments influenced the number of leaves at different stages of growth. The treatment with IAA, nano-urea, P and K resulted in the highest leaf count of 61.26. Moreover, the length of leaves, roots, and shoots were significantly affected by the treatments. The combination of foliar applications of IAA (auxin) and nano-urea; and in soil treatments of P and K resulted in the longest leaf, root, and shoot lengths. These findings highlight the positive effects of the tested treatments on seed germination and various growth parameters of Raphanus sativus L. The results contribute to our understanding of the potential applications of nano-urea, IAA, P and K in improving crop productivity and growth. This information can aid in the development of sustainable agricultural practices for enhanced crop performance and yield.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments improved radish seed germination versus control.
- Taxon
- Radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all treatments improved seed germination compared to the control.”
t0“Radish Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-urea alone raised radish germination from 40.83% to 54.16%.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- Nano-urea alonee0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 54.16%e0
- Qualifier
- 40.83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-urea alone increased the germination percentage from 40.83% to 54.16%”
t0“Radish Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano-urea with IAA further increased radish germination to 67.5%.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- combination of nano-urea and IAAe0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 67.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nano-urea alone increased the germination percentage from 40.83% to 54.16%, while the combination of nano-urea and IAA further enhanced it to 67.5%”
t0“Radish Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying nano-urea, IAA, P and K together produced the highest radish germination of 75.83%.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- simultaneous application of nano-urea, IAA, P and Ke0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 75.83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest germination percentage of 75.83% was achieved with the simultaneous application of nano-urea, IAA, P and K.”
t0“Radish Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA, nano-urea, P and K gave the highest radish leaf count, 61.26.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- IAA, nano-urea, P and Ke0
- Outcome
- leaf counte0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 61.26e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment with IAA, nano-urea, P and K resulted in the highest leaf count of 61.26.”
t0“Radish Crops”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA, nano-urea, P and K produced the longest radish leaf, root and shoot lengths.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativust0
- Treatment
- foliar applications of IAA (auxin) and nano-urea; and in soil treatments of P and Ke0
- Outcome
- leaf, root, and shoot lengthse0
- Direction
- longeste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of foliar applications of IAA (auxin) and nano-urea; and in soil treatments of P and K resulted in the longest leaf, root, and shoot lengths.”
t0“Radish Crops”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.