Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA-NPS) and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) Nanoparticles on seed germination of four plant species; radish (Raphanus sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Seeds were treated with DI-water (control) and nanoparticle suspensions (HA-NPS and ZnO-NPs) solutions, at six concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm. The treatment of HA-NPS showed an inhibition effect on all treated seed germination with significant dose dependence. The inhibition effect was related positively to HA-NPS concentration and was significant at the rate of 50 ppm in radishes and tomatoes, and at 100 ppm in cucumber and wheat seeds. In ZnO-NPs treatment, the inhibition effect was related positively to ZnO-NPs concentration and was significantly started from 20 ppm in radish, tomatoes, and cucumber. Meanwhile, wheat seeds weakly responded to ZnO-NPs inhibition showing a significant effect when applied at 200 ppm. The germination index data (combined seed germination and root elongation), indicated that the response of the tested seeds against Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles was evident at the highest applied rate (500 ppm), and was as follows: Radish > Tomatoes > wheat > Cucumber. In ZnO-NPs treatment was Radish > Tomatoes > Cucumber > wheat. We can recommend the use of Hydroxyapatite and ZnO-NPs with previous seeds with low concentrations before planting.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles inhibited seed germination across the tested species with dose dependence.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativust0 - Treatment
- HA-NPSe0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The treatment of HA-NPS showed an inhibition effect on all treated seed germination with significant dose dependence.”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxyapatite inhibition became significant at 50 ppm in radish and tomato.
- Taxon
- radishesRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- HA-NPSt0
- Outcome
- inhibition effectt0
- Value
- 50 ppme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was significant at the rate of 50 ppm in radishes and tomatoes”
t0“The inhibition effect was related positively to HA-NPS concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydroxyapatite inhibition became significant at 100 ppm in cucumber and wheat.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- HA-NPSt0
- Outcome
- inhibition effectt0
- Value
- 100 ppme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 100 ppm in cucumber and wheat seeds.”
t0“The inhibition effect was related positively to HA-NPS concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide nanoparticle inhibition began significantly at 20 ppm in radish, tomato and cucumber.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPst0
- Outcome
- inhibition effectt0
- Value
- 20 ppme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was significantly started from 20 ppm in radish, tomatoes, and cucumber.”
t0“In ZnO-NPs treatment, the inhibition effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat showed significant zinc oxide nanoparticle inhibition only at 200 ppm.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 200 ppme0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat seeds weakly responded to ZnO-NPs inhibition showing a significant effect when applied at 200 ppm.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 500 ppm, hydroxyapatite germination-index response ranked radish above tomato, wheat and cucumber.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativuse0
- Outcome
- Radish > Tomatoes > wheat > Cucumbere0
- Value
- 500 ppme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at the highest applied rate (500 ppm), and was as follows: Radish > Tomatoes > wheat > Cucumber.”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc oxide germination-index response ranked radish above tomato, cucumber and wheat.
- Taxon
- RadishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- ZnO-NPse0
- Outcome
- Radish > Tomatoes > Cucumber > wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In ZnO-NPs treatment was Radish > Tomatoes > Cucumber > wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend low concentrations of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide nanoparticles before planting.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativust0
- Outcome
- use of Hydroxyapatite and ZnO-NPs with previous seeds with low concentrations before plantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We can recommend the use of Hydroxyapatite and ZnO-NPs with previous seeds with low concentrations before planting.”
t0“radish (Raphanus sativus)”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.