Abstract
Agronomic biofortification of crops is a promising approach that can improve the nutritional value of staple foods by alleviating dietary micronutrient deficiencies. Iodine deficiency is prevalent in many countries, including Australia, but it is not clear what foliar application strategies will be effective for iodine fortification of grain. This study hypothesised that combining adjuvants with iodine in foliar sprays would improve iodine penetration in wheat, leading to more efficient biofortification of grains. The glasshouse experiment included a total of nine treatments, including three reference controls: 1) Water; 2) potassium iodate (KIO 3 ) and 3) potassium chloride (KCl); and a series of six different non-ionic surfactant or oil-based adjuvants: 4) KIO 3 + BS1000; 5) KIO 3 + Pulse ® Penetrant; 6) KIO 3 + Uptake ® ; 7) KIO 3 + Hot-Up ® ; 8) KIO 3 + Hasten ® and 9) KIO 3 + Synerterol ® Horti Oil. Wheat was treated at heading, and again during the early milk growth stage. Adding the organosilicon-based adjuvant (Pulse ® ) to the spray formulation resulted in a significant increase in grain loading of iodine to 1269 µg/kg compared to the non-adjuvant KIO 3 control at 231µg/kg, and the water and KCl controls (both 51µg/kg). The second most effective adjuvant was Synerterol ® Horti Oil, which increased grain iodine significantly to 450µg/kg. The Uptake ® , BS1000, Hasten ® , and Hot-Up ® adjuvants did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO 3 control. Importantly, iodine application and the subsequent increase in grain iodine had no significant effects on biomass production and grain yield relative to the controls. These results indicate that adjuvants can play an important role in agronomic biofortification practices, and organosilicon-based products have a great potential to enhance foliar penetration resulting in a higher translocation rate of foliar-applied iodine to grains, which is required to increase the iodine density of staple grains effectively.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The organosilicon-based adjuvant Pulse significantly increased grain iodine to 1269 µg/kg compared with the non-adjuvant KIO3 control (231 µg/kg).
- Taxon
- bread wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- organosilicon-based adjuvant (Pulse ® )e1
- Outcome
- grain loading of iodinee1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 1269 µg/kge1
- Qualifier
- 231µg/kge1
- Comparator
- non-adjuvant KIO 3 controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“Adding the organosilicon-based adjuvant (Pulse ® ) to the spray formulation resulted in a significant increase in grain loading of iodine to 1269 µg/kg compared to the non-adjuvant KIO 3 control at 231µg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvant Synerterol Horti Oil significantly increased grain iodine to 450 µg/kg, the second highest adjuvant effect.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Synerterol ® Horti Oile1
- Outcome
- grain iodinee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 450µg/kge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“The second most effective adjuvant was Synerterol ® Horti Oil, which increased grain iodine significantly to 450µg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvant Uptake did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO3 control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Uptake ®e1
- Outcome
- grain iodine concentrationse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- KIO 3 controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“The Uptake ® , BS1000, Hasten ® , and Hot-Up ® adjuvants did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO 3 control”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvant BS1000 did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO3 control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- BS1000e1
- Outcome
- grain iodine concentrationse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- KIO 3 controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“The Uptake ® , BS1000, Hasten ® , and Hot-Up ® adjuvants did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO 3 control”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvant Hasten did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO3 control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Hasten ®e1
- Outcome
- grain iodine concentrationse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- KIO 3 controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“The Uptake ® , BS1000, Hasten ® , and Hot-Up ® adjuvants did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO 3 control”
Claim · model-written summary
The adjuvant Hot-Up did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO3 control.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Hot-Up ®e1
- Outcome
- grain iodine concentrationse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Comparator
- KIO 3 controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“The Uptake ® , BS1000, Hasten ® , and Hot-Up ® adjuvants did not affect grain iodine concentrations relative to the KIO 3 control”
Claim · model-written summary
Iodine application had no significant effect on biomass production or grain yield relative to the controls.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- iodine applicatione1
- Outcome
- biomass production and grain yielde1
- Direction
- no significant effectse1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“Importantly, iodine application and the subsequent increase in grain iodine had no significant effects on biomass production and grain yield relative to the controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Organosilicon-based products likely enhance foliar penetration and translocation of foliar-applied iodine to grains.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- organosilicon-based productse1
- Outcome
- foliar penetratione1
- Qualifier
- higher translocation rate of foliar-applied iodine to grainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“organosilicon-based products have a great potential to enhance foliar penetration resulting in a higher translocation rate of foliar-applied iodine to grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Adjuvants can play an important role in agronomic biofortification practices for wheat.
- Taxon
- bread wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- agronomic biofortification practicese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain”
e1“adjuvants can play an important role in agronomic biofortification practices”
The same questions in other papers
adjuvant · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.