Paper · 2023 · Frontiers in Plant Science

Assessment of molybdenum application on soybean physiological characteristics in maize-soybean intercropping

Zameer Hussain Jamali; Shahzaib Ali; Muhammad Qasim; et al.

7
claims
9
verbatim quotes
13
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Soybean is a leguminous crop known for its efficient nitrogen utilization and ease of cultivation. However, its intercropping with maize may lead to severe reduction in its growth and yield due to shading effect of maize. This issue can be resolved by the appropriate application of essential plant nutrient such as molybdenum (Mo). Aim of this study was to assess the effect of Mo application on the morphological and physiological characteristics of soybean intercropped with maize. A two-year field experiment was conducted for this purpose, and Mo was applied in the form of sodium molybdate (Na 2 MoO 4 ), and four different levels were maintained i.e., 0, 60, 120 and 180 g ha -1 . Soybean exhibited varying responses to different levels of molybdenum (Mo) application. Notably, in both sole and intercropped cropping systems, the application of Mo at a rate of 120 g ha -1 demonstrated the highest level of promise compared to other application levels. However, most significant outcomes were pragmatic in soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment. Similarly, Mo @ 120 g ha -1 application resulted in highest total grain yield (626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1 ) during 2020 and 2021 respectively, which exceeded the grain yields of other Mo levels under intercropping. Moreover, under Mo application level (120 g ha -1 ), grain NPK and Mo contents during years 2020 and 2021 were found to be 1.15, 0.22, 0.83 and 68.94 mg kg -1 , and 1.27, 0.25, 0.90 and 72.18 mg kg −1 under intercropping system increased the value as compared to control treatment. Findings of current study highlighted the significance of Mo in enhancing soybean growth, yield, and nutrient uptake efficiency in maize-soybean intercropping systems.

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Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised soybean leaf area index by 434 and 441% in 2020 and 2021.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
Outcome
leaf area indexe0
Direction
improvede0
Value
434 and 441%e0
Comparator
control treatmente0
Setting
soybean-maize intercroppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1013–1382 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised total biomass by 430 and 461%.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
Outcome
total plant biomasse0
Direction
improvede0
Value
430 and 461%e0
Comparator
control treatmente0
Setting
soybean-maize intercroppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1013–1382 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised transpiration by 15 and 18%.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
Outcome
transpiration ratee0
Direction
improvede0
Value
15 and 18%e0
Comparator
control treatmente0
Setting
soybean-maize intercroppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1013–1382 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised stomatal conductance by 9 and 11%.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
Outcome
stomatal conductancee0
Direction
improvede0
Value
9 and 11%e0
Comparator
control treatmente0
Setting
soybean-maize intercroppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1013–1382 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 raised soybean yield by 15 and 20%.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment
Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
Outcome
yielde0
Direction
improvede0
Value
15 and 20%e0
Comparator
control treatmente0
Setting
soybean-maize intercroppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“soybean-maize intercropping, as application of Mo @ 120 g ha -1 significantly improved soybean growth and yield attributes, including leaf area index (LAI; 434 and 441%), total plant biomass (430 and 461%), transpiration rate (15 and 18%), stomatal conductance (9 and 11%), and yield (15 and 20%) during year 2020 and 2021 respectively, as compared to control treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1013–1382 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 gave the highest grain yield, 626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1 in 2020 and 2021.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Mo @ 120 g ha -1e0
Outcome
total grain yielde0
Direction
higheste0
Value
626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1e0
Comparator
other Mo levelse0
Setting
intercroppinge0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Mo @ 120 g ha -1 application resulted in highest total grain yield (626.0 and 725.3 kg ha -1 ) during 2020 and 2021 respectively, which exceeded the grain yields of other Mo levels under intercropping”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1595 · show in text ↑
t0

“on soybean physiological characteristics”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–77 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mo at 120 g ha -1 increased grain NPK and Mo contents versus control.

Taxon
soybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment
Mo application level (120 g ha -1 )e0
Outcome
grain NPK and Mo contentse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
1.15, 0.22, 0.83 and 68.94 mg kg -1e0
Comparator
control treatmente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Glycine max
Glycine max · TaxonPublic domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“under Mo application level (120 g ha -1 ), grain NPK and Mo contents during years 2020 and 2021 were found to be 1.15, 0.22, 0.83 and 68.94 mg kg -1 , and 1.27, 0.25, 0.90 and 72.18 mg kg −1 under intercropping system increased the value as compared to control treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1607–1877 · show in text ↑
t0

“on soybean physiological characteristics”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 37–77 · show in text ↑

molybdenum atom · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

32 papers: 22 positive, 10 negative or no effect

21 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. negative
  3. negative

28 papers more in this group

See all 32 papers →

molybdenum atom · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

33 papers: 30 positive, 3 negative or no effect

29 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

29 papers more in this group

See all 33 papers →

molybdenum atom · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ

67 papers: 59 positive, 8 negative or no effect

58 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. no effect
  3. no effect

63 papers more in this group

See all 67 papers →

molybdenum atom · physiology: gas exchange · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.