Abstract
The effects of crop rotation and winter cover crops on soybean yield and colony-forming (CFU) units of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot (CR), are poorly understood. A field trial was conducted from 2011 to 2015 to evaluate (i) the impact of crop rotation consisting of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) following cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), soybean following corn (Zea mays L.), and soybean following soybean over a 2-year rotation and its interaction with cover crop and (ii) the impact of different cover crops on a continuous soybean crop over a 5-year period. This trial was conducted in a field with 10 subsequent years of cover crop and rotation treatments. Cover crops consisted of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum var. arvense), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and a fallow treatment was evaluated with and without poultry litter application (bio-cover). Tissue CFU of M. phaseolina varied significantly between crop rotation treatments: plots where soybean was grown following cotton had significantly greater tissue CFU than plots following soybean. Poultry litter and hairy vetch cover cropping caused increased tissue CFU, though this effect differed by year and crop rotation treatment. Soil CFU in 2015 was substantially lower compared with 2011. However, under some crop rotation sequences, plots in the fallow treatment had significantly greater soil CFU than plots where hairy vetch and wheat was grown as a cover crop. Yield was greater in 2015 compared with 2011. There was a significant interaction of the previous crop in the rotation with year, and greater yield was observed in plots planted following cotton in the rotation in 2015 but not in 2011. The result from the continuous soybean planted over 5 years showed that there were no significant overall effects of any of the cover crop treatments nor was there interaction between cover crop treatment and year on yield. The lack of significant interaction between crop rotation and cover crop and the absence of significant differences between cover crop treatments in continuous soybean planting suggest that cover crop recommendations for midsouthern soybean growers may need to be independent of crop rotation and be based on long-term crop needs.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean after cotton had more Macrophomina tissue CFU than soybean after soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- following cottone0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- Tissue CFU of M. phaseolinae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- following soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tissue CFU of M. phaseolina varied significantly between crop rotation treatments: plots where soybean was grown following cotton had significantly greater tissue CFU than plots following soybean.”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry litter increased Macrophomina tissue CFU, depending on year and rotation.
- Treatment
- Poultry littere0
- Outcome
- tissue CFUe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- differed by year and crop rotation treatmente0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Poultry litter and hairy vetch cover cropping caused increased tissue CFU, though this effect differed by year and crop rotation treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch cover cropping increased Macrophomina tissue CFU, depending on year and rotation.
- Treatment
- hairy vetch cover croppinge0
- Outcome
- tissue CFUe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- differed by year and crop rotation treatmente0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Poultry litter and hairy vetch cover cropping caused increased tissue CFU, though this effect differed by year and crop rotation treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Macrophomina CFU was lower in 2015 than 2011.
Not reportedTaxonSetting
Verbatim
e0“Soil CFU in 2015 was substantially lower compared with 2011.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under some rotations, fallow plots had more soil CFU than hairy-vetch cover plots.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“However, under some crop rotation sequences, plots in the fallow treatment had significantly greater soil CFU than plots where hairy vetch and wheat was grown as a cover crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under some rotations, fallow plots had more soil CFU than wheat cover plots.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“However, under some crop rotation sequences, plots in the fallow treatment had significantly greater soil CFU than plots where hairy vetch and wheat was grown as a cover crop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yield was greater in 2015 than 2011.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Yield was greater in 2015 compared with 2011.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean after cotton had greater yield in 2015, but not in 2011.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant interaction of the previous crop in the rotation with year, and greater yield was observed in plots planted following cotton in the rotation in 2015 but not in 2011.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crop treatments had no significant overall effect on yield in five years of continuous soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- cover crop treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no significant overall effectse0
- Qualifier
- over 5 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result from the continuous soybean planted over 5 years showed that there were no significant overall effects of any of the cover crop treatments nor was there interaction between cover crop treatment and year on yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
There was no interaction between cover crop treatment and year on continuous soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- cover crop treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- nor was there interactione0
- Qualifier
- yeare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The result from the continuous soybean planted over 5 years showed that there were no significant overall effects of any of the cover crop treatments nor was there interaction between cover crop treatment and year on yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest cover crop recommendations independent of rotation and based on long-term crop needs.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- cover crop recommendations for midsouthern soybean growers may need to be independent of crop rotation and be based on long-term crop needse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lack of significant interaction between crop rotation and cover crop and the absence of significant differences between cover crop treatments in continuous soybean planting suggest that cover crop recommendations for midsouthern soybean growers may need to be independent of crop rotation and be based on long-term crop needs.”
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See all 101 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.