Abstract
Planting winter cover crops (CC) in soybean cropping systems is expected to offer various environmental benefits including soil health and fertility besides enhanced cash crop productivity. In a three-year study (2018–2021) conducted on a Dundee silt loam, we assessed the impact of introducing rye ( Secale cereale L.) CC during the winter fallow period on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM), soil total nitrogen (STN), bulk density (BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K fs ), soil penetration resistance (SPR), and water-stable aggregates (WSA). Three treatments evaluated were: i) no cover crop (NC), ii) winter rye as CC rolled when green and desiccated after soybean planting (GR), and iii) winter rye CC desiccated and rolled before planting soybean (BR) in a randomized complete block design with six replications. The depth of the soil sampling in 2019 was 0-15 and 15-30 cm while 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm depth soil sampling was done in 2020 and 2021. Effects of BR and GR on soybean root growth characteristics (number of roots, root length and root angle) were measured using a CID 600 root scanner. The results showed that CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC ( P <0.05). However, there were no differences between BR and GR treatments. Root characteristics of soybean in the NC, BR and GR treatments were similar. Rye CC fits into the existing soybean production system in the Lower Mississippi Delta with a potential to augment soil-physico chemical properties, thus offering agro-ecosystem services which may not necessarily lead to an impact on soybean root growth traits.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops improved soil organic carbon by 7 to 12.5%.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- CCe0
- Outcome
- SOCe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 7 to 12.5%e0
- Comparator
- NCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops improved soil organic matter by 9 to 15%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CCe0
- Outcome
- soil organic mattere0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 9 to 15%e0
- Comparator
- NCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops improved soil total nitrogen by 13 to 29%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops improved water-stable aggregates by 26 to 68%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops improved saturated conductivity by 5 to 9%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops reduced bulk density by 8%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Cover crops reduced penetration resistance by 14 to 18%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CC (both BR and GR) improved SOC by 7 to 12.5%, soil organic matter by 9 to 15%, STN by 13 to 29%, WSA by 26 to 68%, K fs by 5 to 9% and reduced BD by 8% and SPR by 14 to 18% compared to NC”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
BR and GR did not differ.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- no differencese0
- Comparator
- BR and GR treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were no differences between BR and GR treatments.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean root characteristics were similar across treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- BR and GR treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Root characteristicse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- NCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root characteristics of soybean in the NC, BR and GR treatments were similar.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye cover crop may improve soil properties without changing roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- augment soil-physico chemical propertiese0
- Setting
- Lower Mississippi Deltae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye CC fits into the existing soybean production system in the Lower Mississippi Delta with a potential to augment soil-physico chemical properties, thus offering agro-ecosystem services which may not necessarily lead to an impact on soybean root growth traits.”
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