Abstract
Suitable sowing dates are crucial in plant production to cope with climate change and ensure high-quality crop production. We hypothesize that the analysis of the effect of sowing date and climatic resources on maize kernel nutritional quality (KNQ) (crude fiber, starch, crude fat, and crude protein) might contribute to selecting appropriate sowing dates according to different production requirements and meteorological conditions. The study was based on five main local varieties in three experimental stations (early-maturing variety: Zengyu1317, Hongshuo298, Keyu15; medium-maturing variety: Xianyu335; late-maturing variety: Danyu405) in Northeast China from 2018 to 2021. The results showed that: (1) the average starch content (67.7%) and crude protein content (9.1%) of early-maturing variety maize and the crude fiber content (3.3%) and crude fat content (3.6%) of late-maturing variety maize were the highest in Northeast China; (2) the sowing date had no significant effect on the starch content, but significantly affected the crude protein and crude fiber contents, the kernel protein content of early-maturing variety maize was the highest when the sowing date was delayed for 5 days (9.8%), and the crude fiber content of medium-maturing and late-maturing variety maize (4.3% and 5.39%, respectively) was the highest when the sowing date was advanced by 10 days; (3) during the reproductive growth stage, the more light and heat resources, the less starch content and crude protein content and the more crude fat content; when the diurnal temperature range increased by 1 °C, the crude fat content decreased by 0.28%, and the crude protein content increased by 0.77%; for every 100 mm more precipitation, crude fiber and crude protein content decreased by 0.68% and 0.73%, respectively, and fat content increased by 0.15%. Our results provide a meaningful reference for maize production to cope with climate change and improve kernel quality.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Early-maturing maize had the highest mean starch content, 67.7%.
- Material
- early-maturing varietye0
- Outcome
- starch contente0
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 67.7%e0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinae1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average starch content (67.7%) and crude protein content (9.1%) of early-maturing variety maize”
e1“were the highest in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-maturing maize had the highest mean crude protein content, 9.1%.
- Material
- early-maturing varietye0
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 9.1%e0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinae1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the average starch content (67.7%) and crude protein content (9.1%) of early-maturing variety maize”
e1“were the highest in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-maturing maize had the highest mean crude fiber content, 3.3%.
- Material
- late-maturing varietye0
- Outcome
- crude fiber contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.3%e0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude fiber content (3.3%) and crude fat content (3.6%) of late-maturing variety maize were the highest in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-maturing maize had the highest mean crude fat content, 3.6%.
- Material
- late-maturing varietye0
- Outcome
- crude fat contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.6%e0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude fiber content (3.3%) and crude fat content (3.6%) of late-maturing variety maize were the highest in Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing date had no significant effect on maize starch content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sowing date had no significant effect on the starch content”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Early-maturing maize had its highest protein content, 9.8%, when sowing was delayed by five days.
- Material
- early-maturing varietye0
- Treatment
- sowing date was delayed for 5 dayse0
- Outcome
- kernel protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 9.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the kernel protein content of early-maturing variety maize was the highest when the sowing date was delayed for 5 days (9.8%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium-maturing maize crude fiber peaked at 4.3% with sowing advanced ten days.
- Material
- medium-maturinge0
- Treatment
- sowing date was advanced by 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- crude fiber contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 4.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude fiber content of medium-maturing and late-maturing variety maize (4.3% and 5.39%, respectively) was the highest when the sowing date was advanced by 10 days”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-maturing maize crude fiber peaked at 5.39% with sowing advanced ten days.
- Material
- late-maturinge0
- Treatment
- sowing date was advanced by 10 dayse0
- Outcome
- crude fiber contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the crude fiber content of medium-maturing and late-maturing variety maize (4.3% and 5.39%, respectively) was the highest when the sowing date was advanced by 10 days”
Claim · model-written summary
More reproductive-stage light and heat were associated with less maize starch and protein and more fat.
- Organ / stage
- reproductive growth stagee0
- Outcome
- starch content and crude protein content and the more crude fat contente0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- light and heat resourcese0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“during the reproductive growth stage, the more light and heat resources, the less starch content and crude protein content and the more crude fat content”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1 °C larger diurnal temperature range was associated with 0.28% lower maize crude fat.
- Outcome
- crude fat contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.28%e0
- Qualifier
- diurnal temperature range increased by 1 °Ce0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the diurnal temperature range increased by 1 °C, the crude fat content decreased by 0.28%”
t0“Maize”
t1“Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
A 1 °C larger diurnal temperature range was associated with 0.77% higher maize crude protein.
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.77%e0
- Qualifier
- diurnal temperature range increased by 1 °Ce0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the diurnal temperature range increased by 1 °C, the crude fat content decreased by 0.28%, and the crude protein content increased by 0.77%”
t0“Maize”
t1“Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Each additional 100 mm precipitation was associated with 0.68% lower maize crude fiber.
- Outcome
- crude fibere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.68%e0
- Qualifier
- 100 mm more precipitatione0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for every 100 mm more precipitation, crude fiber and crude protein content decreased by 0.68% and 0.73%, respectively, and fat content increased by 0.15%”
t0“Maize”
t1“Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Each additional 100 mm precipitation was associated with 0.73% lower maize crude protein.
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 0.73%e0
- Qualifier
- 100 mm more precipitatione0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for every 100 mm more precipitation, crude fiber and crude protein content decreased by 0.68% and 0.73%, respectively, and fat content increased by 0.15%”
t0“Maize”
t1“Northeast China”
Claim · model-written summary
Each additional 100 mm precipitation was associated with 0.15% higher maize fat.
- Outcome
- fat contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.15%e0
- Qualifier
- 100 mm more precipitatione0
- Setting
- Northeast Chinat1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“for every 100 mm more precipitation, crude fiber and crude protein content decreased by 0.68% and 0.73%, respectively, and fat content increased by 0.15%”
t0“Maize”
t1“Northeast China”
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