Abstract
The escalation of harmful pollutants, including heavy metals, due to industrialization and urbanization has become a global concern. To mitigate the negative impacts of heavy metal stress on germination and early plant development, growth regulators have been employed. This study aimed to evaluate the response of mung bean ( Vigna radiata L. ) to zinc stress in the presence of brassinosteroids, focusing on seedling growth and antioxidant potential. Mung bean seedlings were treated with three concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 PPM) with or without zinc. Results demonstrated that the application of brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stress, significantly enhanced germination percentage (about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%), speed of germination (about 39.13, 50, and 100%), seedling growth (about 38% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ) and seedling vigor index (204% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ) compared to zinc-treated seedlings alone after 24 h. The activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and total soluble protein content decreased, while lipid peroxidation and proline content exhibited a significant increase ( p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control. However, the negative effects induced by heavy metal stress on these parameters were significantly mitigated by EBL application. Notably, the most effective concentration of EBL in overcoming zinc stress was found to be 0.4 PPM. These findings underscore the potential of exogenously applied brassinosteroids as a valuable tool in phytoremediation projects by ameliorating heavy metal stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
EBL with zinc enhanced mung bean germination percentage at three doses by about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%.
- Taxon
- mung bean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stresse0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“application of brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stress, significantly enhanced germination percentage (about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%)”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL with zinc enhanced speed of germination by about 39.13, 50, and 100%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stresse0
- Outcome
- speed of germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- about 39.13, 50, and 100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of brassinosteroids, combined with zinc stress, significantly enhanced germination percentage (about 47.06, 63.64, and 120%), speed of germination (about 39.13, 50, and 100%)”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.4 PPM EBL and 1.5 mM zinc combination enhanced seedling growth about 38%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4e0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- about 38%e0
- Comparator
- zinc-treated seedlings alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth (about 38% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ) and seedling vigor index (204% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ) compared to zinc-treated seedlings alone after 24 h.”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The same combination enhanced seedling vigor index 204%.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4e0
- Outcome
- seedling vigor indexe0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 204%e0
- Comparator
- zinc-treated seedlings alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth (about 38% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ) and seedling vigor index (204% in case of treatment combined 0.4 PPM 24-EBL and 1.5 mM ZnSO 4 ) compared to zinc-treated seedlings alone after 24 h.”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc stress decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and soluble protein.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- zinc stresst1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and total soluble protein contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) and total soluble protein content decreased, while lipid peroxidation and proline content exhibited a significant increase ( p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control.”
t0“mung bean”
t1“zinc stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc stress significantly increased lipid peroxidation and proline content.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- zinc stresst1
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and proline contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lipid peroxidation and proline content exhibited a significant increase ( p ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control.”
t0“mung bean”
t1“zinc stress”
Claim · model-written summary
EBL significantly mitigated adverse zinc effects on the measured biochemical parameters.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- EBL applicatione0
- Outcome
- negative effectse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
- Comparator
- heavy metal stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the negative effects induced by heavy metal stress on these parameters were significantly mitigated by EBL application.”
t0“mung bean”
Claim · model-written summary
The most effective EBL concentration against zinc stress was 0.4 PPM.
- Taxon
- mung beanVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- most effective concentration of EBLe0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Value
- 0.4 PPMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the most effective concentration of EBL in overcoming zinc stress was found to be 0.4 PPM.”
t0“mung bean”
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