Abstract
Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop with the increasing emphasis on nutritional aspects and drought resilience. However, the average productivity of the crop has stagnated at around 2,000 kg ha −1 in India. Recently released nutrient responsive high yielding varieties are reported to respond better to application of fertilizers/manures. Further, substitution of chemical fertilizers with organic manures to maintain sustainable yields and improve soil health is gaining attention in recent years. Therefore, identifying the appropriate rate and source of nutrition is important to enhance the productivity of finger millet while improving the soil health. A field experiment was conducted during two rainy seasons (July–November, 2018 and 2019) to study the response of finger millet varieties to chemical fertilizers and farmyard manure (FYM) on growth, yields, N use efficiency, N uptake and on soil properties. Two varieties MR-1 and MR-6 were tested with four nutrient management practices viz. , unamended control, 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF; 40–20-20 kg NPK ha −1 ), 50% RDF + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) as FYM and 100% RDN as FYM. Among the varieties, MR-6 outperformed MR-1 in terms of growth, yield, N use efficiency and N uptake. The yield enhancement was up to 22.6% in MR-6 compared to MR-1 across the nutrient management practices. Substituting FYM completely or half of the fertilizer dose increased the growth and yield of finger millet compared to application of chemical fertilizers alone. Similarly, the average biomass yield, ears m −2 , grain yield, total N uptake and N use efficiency in response to nutrient management practices followed the order of 100% RDN as FYM > 50% RDF + 50% RDN as FYM > 100% RDF. The soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, and S improved by 25.0, 12.9, 5.7, 6.1, and 22.6%, respectively in the plots under higher rate of FYM application (8 Mg ha −1 ) compared to plots under chemical fertilizers alone. We conclude that substituting chemical fertilizers either completely or by up to 50% with organic manures supplies adequate amounts of nutrients, improves the yield of finger millet, economic returns, and soil properties.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
MR-6 outperformed MR-1 in growth, yield and N use efficiency.
- Taxon
- Finger millet
Eleusine coracanae0 - Material
- MR-6e1
- Outcome
- growth, yield, N use efficiencye1
- Direction
- outperformede1
- Comparator
- MR-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e1“MR-6 outperformed MR-1 in terms of growth, yield, N use efficiency and N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
MR-6 outperformed MR-1 in N uptake.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Material
- MR-6e1
- Outcome
- N uptakee1
- Direction
- outperformede1
- Comparator
- MR-1e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e1“MR-6 outperformed MR-1 in terms of growth, yield, N use efficiency and N uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield enhancement of MR-6 over MR-1 was up to 22.6% across nutrient management practices.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Material
- MR-6e2
- Outcome
- yield enhancemente2
- Direction
- enhancemente2
- Value
- 22.6%e2
- Comparator
- MR-1e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e2“The yield enhancement was up to 22.6% in MR-6 compared to MR-1 across the nutrient management practices”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting FYM completely for chemical fertilizers increased growth and yield of finger millet compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- Substituting FYM completelye3
- Outcome
- growth and yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e3“Substituting FYM completely or half of the fertilizer dose increased the growth and yield of finger millet compared to application of chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting half of the fertilizer dose with FYM increased growth and yield of finger millet compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- half of the fertilizer dosee3
- Outcome
- growth and yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e3“Substituting FYM completely or half of the fertilizer dose increased the growth and yield of finger millet compared to application of chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Average biomass yield, ears per m2 and grain yield were higher with 100% RDN as FYM than with 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN as FYMe4
- Outcome
- average biomass yield, ears m −2 , grain yielde4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Comparator
- 100% RDFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e4“the average biomass yield, ears m −2 , grain yield, total N uptake and N use efficiency in response to nutrient management practices followed the order of 100% RDN as FYM > 50% RDF + 50% RDN as FYM > 100% RDF”
Claim · model-written summary
Total N uptake and N use efficiency were higher with 100% RDN as FYM than with 100% RDF.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDN as FYMe4
- Outcome
- total N uptake and N use efficiencye4
- Direction
- higherinferrede4
- Comparator
- 100% RDFe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e4“the average biomass yield, ears m −2 , grain yield, total N uptake and N use efficiency in response to nutrient management practices followed the order of 100% RDN as FYM > 50% RDF + 50% RDN as FYM > 100% RDF”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic carbon improved by 25.0% under the higher FYM rate compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- higher rate of FYM applicatione5
- Outcome
- soil organic carbone5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 25.0e5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e5“The soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, and S improved by 25.0, 12.9, 5.7, 6.1, and 22.6%, respectively in the plots under higher rate of FYM application (8 Mg ha −1 ) compared to plots under chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Available N improved by 12.9% under the higher FYM rate compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- higher rate of FYM applicatione5
- Outcome
- available Ne5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 12.9e5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e5“The soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, and S improved by 25.0, 12.9, 5.7, 6.1, and 22.6%, respectively in the plots under higher rate of FYM application (8 Mg ha −1 ) compared to plots under chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P improved by 5.7% under the higher FYM rate compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- higher rate of FYM applicatione5
- Outcome
- Pe5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 5.7e5
- Qualifier
- available N, P, K, and Se5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e5“The soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, and S improved by 25.0, 12.9, 5.7, 6.1, and 22.6%, respectively in the plots under higher rate of FYM application (8 Mg ha −1 ) compared to plots under chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K improved by 6.1% under the higher FYM rate compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- higher rate of FYM applicatione5
- Outcome
- Ke5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 6.1e5
- Qualifier
- available N, P, K, and Se5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e5“The soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, and S improved by 25.0, 12.9, 5.7, 6.1, and 22.6%, respectively in the plots under higher rate of FYM application (8 Mg ha −1 ) compared to plots under chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil S improved by 22.6% under the higher FYM rate compared with chemical fertilizers alone.
- Taxon
- Finger milletEleusine coracanae0
- Treatment
- higher rate of FYM applicatione5
- Outcome
- Se5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 22.6e5
- Qualifier
- available N, P, K, and Se5
- Comparator
- chemical fertilizers alonee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Finger millet ( Eluesine coracana L.) is gaining importance as a food crop”
e5“The soil organic carbon, available N, P, K, and S improved by 25.0, 12.9, 5.7, 6.1, and 22.6%, respectively in the plots under higher rate of FYM application (8 Mg ha −1 ) compared to plots under chemical fertilizers alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Substituting chemical fertilizers completely or by up to 50% with organic manures is recommended to supply adequate nutrients and improve finger millet yield.
- Taxon
- finger milletEleusine coracanae6
- Treatment
- substituting chemical fertilizers either completely or by up to 50% with organic manurese6
- Outcome
- yield of finger millete6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“We conclude that substituting chemical fertilizers either completely or by up to 50% with organic manures supplies adequate amounts of nutrients, improves the yield of finger millet, economic returns, and soil properties”
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