Abstract
Multistep chemical thinning programs have been widely recommended in the eastern United States; however, adoption of bloom thinners is limited. With caustic blossom thinners, narrow effective application timings and concerns related to spring frost damage are barriers for commercial use in this region. If effective and safe, use of hormonal blossom thinners for apple would be an attractive alternative. We evaluated the effects and interactions of bloom thinners [6-benzyladenine (BA) and lime sulfur (LS, or calcium polysulfide) + stylet oil (LS+SO)] and a postbloom thinner (NAA) in the context of a multistep, carbaryl-free thinning program across three locations. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 on mature ‘Gala’ in North Carolina, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, USA. In four of six studies, BA at bloom increased the efficacy of postbloom NAA and reduced crop density ( P < 0.08). Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and reduced crop density. However, where NAA failed to reduce crop load, there was a negative influence on RGR. BA and LS+SO increased RGR in one of six studies; however, BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner, whereas LS+SO was more effective. Nevertheless, BA applied at bloom may have utility as part of a multistep thinning program. As a part of a multistep thinning program, BA applied at bloom may be useful in increasing efficacy of postbloom applications, particularly when use of caustic blossom thinners is not permitted.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
BA at bloom increased postbloom NAA efficacy in four of six studies.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- BA at bloome0
- Outcome
- efficacy of postbloom NAAe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- four of six studiese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In four of six studies, BA at bloom increased the efficacy of postbloom NAA and reduced crop density ( P < 0.08)”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
BA at bloom reduced crop density in four of six studies.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BA at bloome0
- Outcome
- crop densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In four of six studies, BA at bloom increased the efficacy of postbloom NAA and reduced crop density ( P < 0.08)”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Postbloom NAAe0
- Outcome
- fruit relative growth ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and reduced crop density”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Postbloom NAA generally reduced crop density.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Postbloom NAAe0
- Outcome
- crop densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Postbloom NAA generally increased fruit relative growth rate (RGR) and reduced crop density”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
Where NAA did not reduce crop load, it negatively affected relative growth rate.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAAe0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- negative influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“where NAA failed to reduce crop load, there was a negative influence on RGR”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased relative growth rate in one of six studies.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA and LS+SO increased RGR in one of six studies”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
LS+SO increased relative growth rate in one of six studies.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- LS+SOe0
- Outcome
- RGRe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA and LS+SO increased RGR in one of six studies”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- blossom thinnere0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner, whereas LS+SO was more effective”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
LS+SO was more effective as a blossom thinner than BA.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- LS+SOe0
- Outcome
- blossom thinnere0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- BAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA was generally ineffective as a blossom thinner, whereas LS+SO was more effective”
t0“for apple”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest BA at bloom may help increase postbloom thinning efficacy.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- BA applied at bloom may be useful in increasing efficacy of postbloom applicationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA applied at bloom may be useful in increasing efficacy of postbloom applications”
t0“for apple”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.