Abstract
Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity. Exogenous melatonin (MT) can alleviate the damage caused to plants under non-biological stress; thus, applying MT is a means to improve the growth condition of crops under stress. However, achieving this goal requires a thorough understanding of the physiological regulatory mechanisms of MT on cotton seedlings under low temperature and salinity stress. This study could bring new knowledge on physio-biochemical mechanisms that improve the tolerance of cotton seedlings to combined effects of low temperature and salt stress using an exogenous foliar application of MT. The phytotron experiment comprised two temperature levels of cold stress and control and five MT treatments of 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM and two salinity levels of 0 and 150 mM NaCl. Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under cold stress and control), the combined stress of salt and low temperature reduced cotton seedlings’ biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), aggravated the membrane damage, reduced the potassium (K+) content, and increased the sodium (Na+) accumulation in the leaves and roots. Under NaCl stress, exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MT increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings under salt and low temperature combined with salt stress, reduced the degree of membrane damage, and regulated the antioxidant enzyme, ion homeostasis, transport, and absorption of cotton seedlings. The pairwise correlation analysis of each parameter using MT shows that the parameters with higher correlation with MT at cold stress are mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The highest correlation coefficient at 25 °C is observed between the K+ and Na+ content in cotton seedlings. The conclusion indicates that under salt and low-temperature stress conditions, exogenous application of MT primarily regulates the levels of Pn, superoxide dismutase (SOD), andPOD in cotton seedlings, reduces Na+ and MDA content, alleviates damage to cotton seedlings. Moreover, the most significant effect was observed when an exogenous application of 50–150 μM of MT was administered under these conditions. The current study’s findings could serve as a scientific foundation for salinity and low-temperature stress alleviation during the seedling stage of cotton growth.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and low-temperature stress reduced cotton seedling biomass and net photosynthetic rate compared with control treatments.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- the combined stress of salt and low temperaturee2
- Outcome
- biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn)e1
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- control treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e2“Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under cold stress and control), the combined stress of salt and low temperature reduced”
e1“biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and low-temperature stress aggravated membrane damage in cotton seedlings compared with control treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- the combined stress of salt and low temperaturee2
- Outcome
- membrane damagee3
- Direction
- aggravatede3
- Comparator
- control treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e2“Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under cold stress and control), the combined stress of salt and low temperature reduced”
e3“aggravated the membrane damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and low-temperature stress reduced potassium content in cotton seedlings compared with control treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- the combined stress of salt and low temperaturee2
- Outcome
- potassium (K+) contente4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- control treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e2“Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under cold stress and control), the combined stress of salt and low temperature reduced”
e4“reduced the potassium (K+) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt and low-temperature stress increased sodium accumulation in leaves and roots of cotton seedlings compared with control treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse5
- Treatment
- the combined stress of salt and low temperaturee2
- Outcome
- sodium (Na+) accumulatione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- control treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e2“Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under cold stress and control), the combined stress of salt and low temperature reduced”
e5“increased the sodium (Na+) accumulation in the leaves and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar melatonin at 50–150 μM increased biomass and gas exchange of cotton seedlings under combined stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MTe6
- Outcome
- biomass and gas exchange parameterse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MT increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar melatonin at 50–150 μM reduced membrane damage in cotton seedlings under combined stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MTe6
- Outcome
- degree of membrane damagee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MT increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings”
e7“reduced the degree of membrane damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar melatonin regulated antioxidant enzymes in cotton seedlings under combined stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume6
- Treatment
- exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MTe6
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzymee2
- Direction
- regulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“exogenously sprayed 50–150 μM MT increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings”
e2“regulated the antioxidant enzyme, ion homeostasis, transport, and absorption of cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin primarily regulates the levels of Pn and superoxide dismutase in cotton seedlings under salt and low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of MTe1
- Outcome
- levels of Pn, superoxide dismutase (SOD)e1
- Direction
- regulatese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e1“exogenous application of MT primarily regulates the levels of Pn, superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous melatonin reduces Na+ and MDA content in cotton seedlings under salt and low-temperature stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of MTe1
- Outcome
- Na+ and MDA contente2
- Direction
- reducese2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e1“exogenous application of MT primarily regulates the levels of Pn, superoxide dismutase (SOD)”
e2“reduces Na+ and MDA content”
Claim · model-written summary
The most significant effect of melatonin was observed at 50–150 μM under the combined stress conditions.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 50–150 μM of MTe1
- Outcome
- most significant effecte1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e1“the most significant effect was observed when an exogenous application of 50–150 μM of MT was administered”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest correlation coefficient was between K+ and Na+ content in cotton seedlings at 25 °C.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- correlation coefficiente1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Setting
- 25 °Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e1“The highest correlation coefficient at 25 °C is observed between the K+ and Na+ content in cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Parameters with higher correlation with melatonin at cold stress were MDA, POD and CAT.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Compound
- malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)e1
- Outcome
- correlation with MTe1
- Direction
- highere1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling adversely affect cotton productivity”
e1“the parameters with higher correlation with MT at cold stress are mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)”
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See all 17 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.