Abstract
Salinization usually plays a primary role in soil degradation, which consequently reduces agricultural productivity. In this study, the effects of salinity on growth parameters, ion, chlorophyll, and proline content, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation of two cotton cultivars, [CCRI-79 (salt tolerant) and Simian 3 (salt sensitive)], were evaluated. Salinity was investigated at 0 mM, 80 mM, 160 mM, and 240 mM NaCl for 7 days. Salinity induced morphological and physiological changes, including a reduction in the dry weight of leaves and roots, root length, root volume, average root diameter, chlorophyll and proline contents, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. In addition, salinity caused ion imbalance in plants as shown by higher Na+ and Cl- contents and lower K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations. Ion imbalance was more pronounced in CCRI-79 than in Simian3. In the leaves and roots of the salt-tolerant cultivar CCRI-79, increasing levels of salinity increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), but reduced catalase (CAT) activity. The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR in the leaves and roots of CCRI-79 were higher than those in Simian 3. CAT and APX showed the greatest H2O2 scavenging activity in both leaves and roots. Moreover, CAT and APX activities in conjunction with SOD seem to play an essential protective role in the scavenging process. These results indicate that CCRI-79 has a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher antioxidant activities than those in Simian 3. Overall, the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and Chl (a+b) contents, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities showed the most significant variation between the two cotton cultivars.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced cotton leaf and root dry weight and root size traits.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- dry weight of leaves and roots, root length, root volume, average root diametere0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced morphological and physiological changes, including a reduction in the dry weight of leaves and roots, root length, root volume, average root diameter”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll and proline content.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and proline contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced morphological and physiological changes, including a reduction in the dry weight of leaves and roots, root length, root volume, average root diameter, chlorophyll and proline contents”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis and stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity induced morphological and physiological changes, including a reduction in the dry weight of leaves and roots, root length, root volume, average root diameter, chlorophyll and proline contents, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na+ and Cl- content.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Salinityt0
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl- contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Na+ and Cl- contents and lower K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants to Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity lowered K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Salinityt0
- Outcome
- K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher Na+ and Cl- contents and lower K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants to Salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ion imbalance was greater in CCRI-79 than in Simian3.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- CCRI-79e0
- Outcome
- Ion imbalancee0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Simian3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ion imbalance was more pronounced in CCRI-79 than in Simian3”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity raised SOD, APX, and GR activities in CCRI-79 leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- CCRI-79e0
- Material
- CCRI-79e0
- Treatment
- increasing levels of salinitye0
- Outcome
- activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the leaves and roots of the salt-tolerant cultivar CCRI-79, increasing levels of salinity increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity reduced CAT activity in CCRI-79.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- CCRI-79e1
- Treatment
- increasing levels of salinitye0
- Outcome
- catalase (CAT) activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing levels of salinity increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), but reduced catalase (CAT) activity”
e1“In the leaves and roots of the salt-tolerant cultivar CCRI-79”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SOD, CAT, APX, and GR activities were higher in CCRI-79 than Simian 3.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- CCRI-79e0
- Outcome
- activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GRe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Simian 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and GR in the leaves and roots of CCRI-79 were higher than those in Simian 3”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT and APX had the greatest H2O2 scavenging activity in leaves and roots.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- H2O2 scavenging activitye0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAT and APX showed the greatest H2O2 scavenging activity in both leaves and roots”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer a protective role for CAT, APX, and SOD in scavenging.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- CAT and APXe0
- Outcome
- scavenging processe0
- Qualifier
- in conjunction with SODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CAT and APX activities in conjunction with SOD seem to play an essential protective role in the scavenging process”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
CCRI-79 mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation through higher antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- CCRI-79e0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress and lipid peroxidatione0
- Qualifier
- maintaining higher antioxidant activitiese0
- Comparator
- Simian 3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CCRI-79 has a more effective protection mechanism and mitigated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by maintaining higher antioxidant activities than those in Simian 3”
t0“Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plants”
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