Abstract
Abstract To better understand the mechanism of salt tolerance, we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress. Cotton was exposed to the soil salt and alkali stresses, NaCl, Na 2 SO 4 , and Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 , in a pot study. Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth, significantly reduced root length, surface area, and volume, and significantly increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) content. The REC in leaves was higher under salt stress than under alkali stress, but the effects on Pro were in the order Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 > NaCl > Na 2 SO 4 . Principal component analysis showed a significant difference in ion composition under the different types of salt–alkali stress. Under the three types of salt–alkali stress, concentrations of Na and Mo increased significantly in different organs of cotton plants. Under NaCl stress, the absorption of Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of P, Mg, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al, and Mo. Under Na 2 SO 4 stress, the absorption of P and Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg, B, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, and Co. Under Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stress, the absorption of P and S was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg and B was reduced, but that of Al and Fe increased, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co. The relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1 in leaves increased significantly under salt stress but decreased under alkali stress. These results suggest that cotton is well-adapted to salt–alkali stress via the antioxidant enzyme system, adjustment of osmotic substances, and reconstruction of ionic equilibrium; neutral salt stress primarily disrupts the ion balance, whereas alkali stress decreases the ability to regulate Na and inhibits the absorption of mineral elements, as well as disrupts the ion balance; and the changes in the expression of salt tolerance-related genes may partially explain the accumulation of Na ions in cotton under salt–alkali stress.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Salt and alkali stresse1
- Outcome
- cotton growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e1“Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth, significantly reduced root length, surface area, and volume, and significantly increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and alkali stress significantly reduced root length, surface area and volume of cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Salt and alkali stresse1
- Outcome
- root length, surface area, and volumee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e1“Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth, significantly reduced root length, surface area, and volume, and significantly increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and alkali stress significantly increased relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Salt and alkali stresse1
- Outcome
- relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e1“Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth, significantly reduced root length, surface area, and volume, and significantly increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) content”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt and alkali stress significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities and proline content in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Salt and alkali stresse1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) contente1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e1“Salt and alkali stress significantly inhibited cotton growth, significantly reduced root length, surface area, and volume, and significantly increased relative electrical conductivity (REC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content but also significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and proline (Pro) content”
Claim · model-written summary
REC in cotton leaves is higher under salt stress than under alkali stress
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese2
- Treatment
- salt stresse2
- Outcome
- REC in leavese2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- alkali stresse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e2“The REC in leaves was higher under salt stress than under alkali stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline effects follow the order Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 > NaCl > Na2SO4 in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3e3
- Outcome
- effects on Proe3
- Direction
- in the ordere3
- Qualifier
- Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 > NaCl > Na 2 SO 4e3
- Comparator
- NaCle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e3“the effects on Pro were in the order Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 > NaCl > Na 2 SO 4”
Claim · model-written summary
Principal component analysis shows a significant difference in ion composition among the salt and alkali stresses
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- different types of salt–alkali stresse4
- Outcome
- ion compositione4
- Qualifier
- significant differencee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e4“Principal component analysis showed a significant difference in ion composition under the different types of salt–alkali stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Concentrations of Na and Mo increase significantly in cotton organs under the three salt and alkali stresses
- Taxon
- cotton plantsGossypium hirsutume5
- Organ / stage
- different organse5
- Treatment
- three types of salt–alkali stresse5
- Outcome
- concentrations of Na and Moe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e5“Under the three types of salt–alkali stress, concentrations of Na and Mo increased significantly in different organs of cotton plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress inhibits calcium absorption in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse6
- Outcome
- absorption of Cae6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e6“Under NaCl stress, the absorption of Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of P, Mg, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al, and Mo”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress reduces the transport capacity of P, Mg and Cu in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse6
- Outcome
- transport capacity of P, Mg, and Cue6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e6“Under NaCl stress, the absorption of Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of P, Mg, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al, and Mo”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl stress promotes uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al and Mo in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- NaCl stresse6
- Outcome
- uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al, and Moe6
- Direction
- promotinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e6“Under NaCl stress, the absorption of Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of P, Mg, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Zn, Mn, Al, and Mo”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 stress inhibits absorption of P and Ca in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 SO 4 stresse7
- Outcome
- absorption of P and Cae7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 SO 4 stress, the absorption of P and Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg, B, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 stress reduces the transport capacity of Mg, B and Cu in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 SO 4 stresse7
- Outcome
- transport capacity of Mg, B, and Cue7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 SO 4 stress, the absorption of P and Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg, B, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2SO4 stress promotes uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al and Co in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 SO 4 stresse7
- Outcome
- uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, and Coe7
- Direction
- promotinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 SO 4 stress, the absorption of P and Ca was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg, B, and Cu was reduced, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of S, Zn, Fe, Mo, Al, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 stress inhibits absorption of P and S in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stresse7
- Outcome
- absorption of P and Se7
- Direction
- inhibitede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stress, the absorption of P and S was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg and B was reduced, but that of Al and Fe increased, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 stress reduces the transport capacity of Mg and B in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stresse7
- Outcome
- transport capacity of Mg and Be7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stress, the absorption of P and S was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg and B was reduced, but that of Al and Fe increased, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 stress increases the transport capacity of Al and Fe in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stresse7
- Outcome
- that of Al and Fee7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stress, the absorption of P and S was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg and B was reduced, but that of Al and Fe increased, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 stress promotes uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni and Co in cotton
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stresse7
- Outcome
- uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Coe7
- Direction
- promotinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“Under Na 2 CO 3 + NaHCO 3 stress, the absorption of P and S was inhibited, the transport capacity of Mg and B was reduced, but that of Al and Fe increased, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the uptake and transport of Mn, Mo, Ni, and Co”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly increases relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1 in cotton leaves
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- salt stresse7
- Gene
- GhSOS1 and GhNHX1e7
- Outcome
- relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“The relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1 in leaves increased significantly under salt stress but decreased under alkali stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkali stress decreases relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1 in cotton leaves
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese7
- Treatment
- alkali stresse7
- Gene
- GhSOS1 and GhNHX1e7
- Outcome
- relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1e7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed cotton growth and the ionomes in different tissues under different types of salt–alkali stress”
e7“The relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhNHX1 in leaves increased significantly under salt stress but decreased under alkali stress”
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