Abstract
Abstract The development of genotypes that can tolerate high levels of salt is crucial for the efficient use of salt-affected land and for enhancing crop productivity worldwide. Therefore, incorporating salinity tolerance is a critical trait that crops must possess. Salt resistance is a complex character, controlled by multiple genes both physiologically and genetically. To examine the genetic foundation of salt tolerance, we assessed 16 F1 hybrids and their eight parental lines under normal and salt stress (15 dS/m) conditions. Under salt stress conditions significant reduction was observed for plant height (PH), bolls/plant (NBP), boll weight (BW), seed cotton yield (SCY), lint% (LP), fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS), potassium to sodium ratio (K + /Na + ), potassium contents (K + ), total soluble proteins (TSP), carotenoids (Car) and chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, the mean values for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sodium contents (Na + ), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and fiber fineness (FF) were increased under salt stress. Moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement was observed for NBP, BW, LP, SCY, K + /Na + , SOD, CAT, POD, Car, TSP, FL, and FS. Mean performance and multivariate analysis of 24 cotton genotypes based on various agro-physiological and biochemical parameters suggested that the genotypes FBS-Falcon, Barani-333, JSQ-White Hold, Ghauri, along with crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes. The above-mentioned genotypes also showed relatively higher expression levels of Ghi-ERF-2D.6 and Ghi-ERF-7A.6 at 15 dS/m and proved the role of these ERF genes in salt tolerance in cotton. These findings suggest that these genotypes have the potential for the development of salt-tolerant cotton varieties with desirable fiber quality traits.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced plant height, boll number and boll weight.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- salt stress (15 dS/m)e1
- Outcome
- plant height (PH), bolls/plant (NBP), boll weight (BW)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress conditions significant reduction was observed for plant height (PH), bolls/plant (NBP), boll weight (BW)”
e1“normal and salt stress (15 dS/m) conditions”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced seed cotton yield, lint percentage and fiber length.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- salt stress (15 dS/m)e1
- Outcome
- seed cotton yield (SCY), lint% (LP), fiber length (FL)e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction was observed for plant height (PH), bolls/plant (NBP), boll weight (BW), seed cotton yield (SCY), lint% (LP), fiber length (FL)”
e1“normal and salt stress (15 dS/m) conditions”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced fiber strength, potassium:sodium ratio and potassium content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- salt stress (15 dS/m)e1
- Outcome
- fiber strength (FS), potassium to sodium ratio (K + /Na + ), potassium contents (K + )e0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant reduction was observed for plant height (PH), bolls/plant (NBP), boll weight (BW), seed cotton yield (SCY), lint% (LP), fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS), potassium to sodium ratio (K + /Na + ), potassium contents (K + )”
e1“normal and salt stress (15 dS/m) conditions”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress significantly reduced soluble proteins, carotenoids and chlorophyll.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- salt stress (15 dS/m)e1
- Outcome
- total soluble proteins (TSP), carotenoids (Car) and chlorophyll contentse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- normale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under salt stress conditions significant reduction was observed for plant height (PH), bolls/plant (NBP), boll weight (BW), seed cotton yield (SCY), lint% (LP), fiber length (FL), fiber strength (FS), potassium to sodium ratio (K + /Na + ), potassium contents (K + ), total soluble proteins (TSP), carotenoids (Car) and chlorophyll contents.”
e1“normal and salt stress (15 dS/m) conditions”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased hydrogen peroxide, sodium and catalase mean values.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sodium contents (Na + ), catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mean values for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), sodium contents (Na + ), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and fiber fineness (FF) were increased under salt stress.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress increased superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and fiber fineness mean values.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- salt stresse0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and fiber fineness (FF)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and fiber fineness (FF) were increased under salt stress.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Boll number, boll weight and lint percentage showed moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- heritability and genetic advancemente0
- Direction
- Moderate to highe0
- Qualifier
- NBP, BW, LPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement was observed for NBP, BW, LP, SCY, K + /Na + , SOD, CAT, POD, Car, TSP, FL, and FS.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield, potassium:sodium ratio and SOD showed moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- heritability and genetic advancemente0
- Direction
- Moderate to highe0
- Qualifier
- SCY, K + /Na + , SODe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement was observed for NBP, BW, LP, SCY, K + /Na + , SOD, CAT, POD, Car, TSP, FL, and FS.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
CAT, POD and carotenoids showed moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- heritability and genetic advancemente0
- Direction
- Moderate to highe0
- Qualifier
- CAT, POD, Care0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement was observed for NBP, BW, LP, SCY, K + /Na + , SOD, CAT, POD, Car, TSP, FL, and FS.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content, fiber length and strength showed moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- heritability and genetic advancemente0
- Direction
- Moderate to highe0
- Qualifier
- TSP, FL, and FSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Moderate to high heritability and genetic advancement was observed for NBP, BW, LP, SCY, K + /Na + , SOD, CAT, POD, Car, TSP, FL, and FS.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
FBS-Falcon was designated salt resistant based on maximum agro-physiological trait values under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- FBS-Falcone0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genotypes FBS-Falcon, Barani-333, JSQ-White Hold, Ghauri, along with crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Barani-333 was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Barani-333e0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genotypes FBS-Falcon, Barani-333, JSQ-White Hold, Ghauri, along with crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
JSQ-White Hold was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- JSQ-White Holde0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genotypes FBS-Falcon, Barani-333, JSQ-White Hold, Ghauri, along with crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Ghauri was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under salt stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Ghaurie0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the genotypes FBS-Falcon, Barani-333, JSQ-White Hold, Ghauri, along with crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Holde0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
FBG-222 × FBG-333 was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- FBG-222 × FBG-333e0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
FBG-222 × Barani-222 was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- FBG-222 × Barani-222e0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Barani-333 × FBG-333 was designated salt resistant with maximum trait values under stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Material
- Barani-333 × FBG-333e0
- Outcome
- salt resistant genotypese0
- Qualifier
- maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crosses FBS-FALCON × JSQ-White Hold, FBG-222 × FBG-333, FBG-222 × Barani-222, and Barani-333 × FBG-333 achieved the maximum values for K + /Na + , K + , TSP, POD, Chlb, CAT, Car, LP, FS, FL, PH, NBP, BW, and SCY under salt stress and declared as salt resistant genotypes.”
t0“cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
The resistant genotypes showed higher expression of two ERF genes at 15 dS/m, supporting their role in salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- 15 dS/me0
- Gene
- Ghi-ERF-2D.6 and Ghi-ERF-7A.6e0
- Outcome
- expression levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- above-mentioned genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above-mentioned genotypes also showed relatively higher expression levels of Ghi-ERF-2D.6 and Ghi-ERF-7A.6 at 15 dS/m and proved the role of these ERF genes in salt tolerance in cotton.”
Claim · model-written summary
The identified genotypes have potential for developing salt-tolerant cotton varieties with desirable fiber quality.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- development of salt-tolerant cotton varieties with desirable fiber quality traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These findings suggest that these genotypes have the potential for the development of salt-tolerant cotton varieties with desirable fiber quality traits.”
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