Abstract
Water shortage can be a restrictive factor for the growth and quality of vegetable crops. Considering the alleviating effects of biostimulant application against water stress, this study aimed to investigate the effect of four biostimulant products (protein and amino acids with carboxylic acids (Tr1); protein and amino acids with seaweed extracts (Tr2); humic and fulvic acids with seaweed extracts (Tr3); SiO2 (Tr4); and control (no biostimulants added)) and two irrigation systems (regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)—65% of field capacity and regular irrigation (RI)—100% of field capacity) on quality parameters of processing tomato fruit. Regulated deficit irrigation and biostimulant application increased the energetic value, carbohydrates, and free sugars content, while organic acids showed a variable response to biostimulant use. In terms of tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) and carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene), regular irrigation and biostimulant application negatively affected their content, while Tr3 treatment had a beneficial impact on these lipophilic compounds under RDI conditions. The main fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids, which increased when plants were treated with Tr3 and Tr1 biostimulants under a deficit regime. Antioxidant activity (assessed by TBARS and OxHLIA assays) and total phenolic and flavonoids content also showed a variable response to the studied factors. In particular, the application of Tr3 and the control treatment under RDI increased the total phenolic content, while the control and Tr3 treatments under the same irrigation regime recorded the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, our results indicate that the adoption of eco-friendly strategies such as regulated deficit irrigation and biostimulant application can beneficially affect the quality traits of processing tomatoes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation and biostimulants increased energetic value, carbohydrates and free sugars.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Regulated deficit irrigation and biostimulant applicatione0
- Outcome
- energetic value, carbohydrates, and free sugars contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regulated deficit irrigation and biostimulant application increased the energetic value, carbohydrates, and free sugars content”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Organic acids responded variably to biostimulants.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biostimulant usee0
- Outcome
- organic acidse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“organic acids showed a variable response to biostimulant use”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Regular irrigation and biostimulants lowered tocopherol and carotenoid content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- regular irrigation and biostimulant applicatione0
- Outcome
- tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) and carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene)e1
- Direction
- negatively affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“regular irrigation and biostimulant application negatively affected their content”
e1“tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) and carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotene)”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr3 improved lipophilic compounds under RDI.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tr3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- lipophilic compoundse0
- Direction
- beneficial impacte0
- Qualifier
- under RDI conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tr3 treatment had a beneficial impact on these lipophilic compounds under RDI conditions”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmitic and linoleic acids increased with Tr3 under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tr3e0
- Outcome
- palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids, which increased when plants were treated with Tr3 and Tr1 biostimulants under a deficit regime.”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmitic and linoleic acids increased with Tr1 under deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tr1e0
- Outcome
- palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids, which increased when plants were treated with Tr3 and Tr1 biostimulants under a deficit regime.”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr3 under RDI increased total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tr3e0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Tr3 and the control treatment under RDI increased the total phenolic content”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control under RDI increased total phenolic content.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- control treatment under RDIe0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Tr3 and the control treatment under RDI increased the total phenolic content”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Control under RDI had the highest antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the control and Tr3 treatments under the same irrigation regime recorded the highest antioxidant activity”
t0“Processing Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tr3 under RDI had the highest antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Tr3e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the control and Tr3 treatments under the same irrigation regime recorded the highest antioxidant activity”
t0“Processing Tomato”
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