Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two irrigation systems (deficit irrigation (DI)—70% of field capacity—and full irrigation (FI)—100% of field capacity) and a biostimulant formulation (silicon (Si) and calcium (Ca) at four different rates) on the chemical composition and fruit quality of greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Deficit irrigation and biostimulant application influenced the proximate composition of tomato fruits. Fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugars, while malic and citric acids were the predominant organic acids. Free sugar and organic acid content increased under DI and biostimulant applications. In contrast, deficit irrigation combined with biostimulant application decreased α-tocopherol levels. In terms of carotenoids, lycopene and β-carotene concentrations were higher under full irrigation. The main fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids, with saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids being the main classes. Moreover, biostimulant applications reduced the total phenolic content regardless of the irrigation regime, whereas the flavonoid content increased when biostimulants were applied under FI conditions. Regarding antioxidant activity (assessed by TBARS and OxHLIA assays), a variable response to irrigation and biostimulant application was observed. In conclusion, the application of Si and Ca under DI showed promising results in terms of yield and quality of tomato fruit and it could be considered a sustainable strategy to mitigate adverse effects of climate change on horticultural crops.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugars in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Outcome
- Fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugars”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic and citric acids were the predominant organic acids in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- malic and citric acids were the predominant organic acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“malic and citric acids were the predominant organic acids”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation increased free sugar and organic acid content in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- DIe0
- Outcome
- Free sugar and organic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Free sugar and organic acid content increased under DI and biostimulant applications”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulant applications increased free sugar and organic acid content in tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biostimulant applicationse0
- Outcome
- Free sugar and organic acid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Free sugar and organic acid content increased under DI and biostimulant applications”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation with biostimulant application decreased tomato fruit α-tocopherol levels.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigation combined with biostimulant applicatione0
- Outcome
- α-tocopherol levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation combined with biostimulant application decreased α-tocopherol levels”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Lycopene and β-carotene concentrations were higher under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- full irrigatione0
- Outcome
- lycopene and β-carotene concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lycopene and β-carotene concentrations were higher under full irrigation”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmitic and linoleic acids were the main fatty acids of tomato fruit.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main fatty acids were palmitic (C16:0) and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were the main fatty acid classes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acidse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids being the main classes”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants reduced total phenolic content regardless of irrigation regime.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biostimulant applicationse0
- Outcome
- total phenolic contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- regardless of the irrigation regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biostimulant applications reduced the total phenolic content regardless of the irrigation regime”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Biostimulants increased flavonoid content under full irrigation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- biostimulantse0
- Outcome
- flavonoid contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- FI conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“flavonoid content increased when biostimulants were applied under FI conditions”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity varied in response to irrigation and biostimulant application.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antioxidant activity (assessed by TBARS and OxHLIA assays), a variable response to irrigation and biostimulant application was observed”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered Si and Ca under deficit irrigation promising for tomato yield and fruit quality.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of Si and Ca under DIe0
- Outcome
- yield and quality of tomato fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of Si and Ca under DI showed promising results in terms of yield and quality of tomato fruit and it could be considered a sustainable strategy”
t0“Tomato”
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