Abstract
Cultivation of high-yield varieties and unbalanced fertilization have induced micronutrient deficiency in soils worldwide. Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and its deficiency is most common in alkaline and calcareous soils. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zn applied either alone or in combination with foliar application on the quality and production of wheat grown in alkaline soils. Zn was applied in the form of zinc sulfate (ZnSo 4 ) to the soil and as a foliar spray during the sowing and tillering stages, respectively. Results showed that Zn fertilization of wheat, irrespective of modes of application, significantly increased grain and biological yield, grain per spike, and 1,000 grains weight over control; however, its effect was more noticeable when applied as 7.5 kg ha −1 of soil Zn combined with foliar Zn at 2.5 kg ha −1 . Zn application significantly increased the grain protein content from 9.40% in the control to a maximum of 11.83% at soil Zn of 10 kg ha −1 . Similarly, Zn application improved Zn, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations in wheat grains. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that the grain Zn concentration was positively correlated with the grain P concentration. The correlation between P concentration in wheat grains and 1,000 grain weight was not significant. A total of 1,000 grains weight was positively correlated with tillers per plant, grain yield, and biological yield. There were positive correlations between protein content, biological yield, grain yield, and tillers per plant. Therefore, soil-applied Zn + foliar application in alkaline soils with limited Zn availability is crucial for improving wheat yield and grain quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization increased grain and biological yield over control
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- grain and biological yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e1“Zn fertilization of wheat, irrespective of modes of application, significantly increased grain and biological yield, grain per spike, and 1,000 grains weight over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization increased grain per spike and 1,000 grain weight over control
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- grain per spike, and 1,000 grains weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e1“Zn fertilization of wheat, irrespective of modes of application, significantly increased grain and biological yield, grain per spike, and 1,000 grains weight over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined soil Zn of 7.5 kg/ha and foliar Zn at 2.5 kg/ha had a more noticeable effect
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 7.5 kg ha −1 of soil Zn combined with foliar Zn at 2.5 kg ha −1e2
- Outcome
- effecte2
- Direction
- more noticeablee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e2“its effect was more noticeable when applied as 7.5 kg ha −1 of soil Zn combined with foliar Zn at 2.5 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Zn of 10 kg/ha increased grain protein content from 9.40% in the control to a maximum of 11.83%
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil Zn of 10 kg ha −1e3
- Outcome
- grain protein contente3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Value
- 11.83%e3
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e3“Zn application significantly increased the grain protein content from 9.40% in the control to a maximum of 11.83% at soil Zn of 10 kg ha −1”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application improved Zn, P and K concentrations in wheat grains
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- wheat grainse4
- Treatment
- Zn applicatione4
- Outcome
- Zn, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrationse4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e4“Similarly, Zn application improved Zn, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) concentrations in wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn concentration was positively correlated with grain P concentration
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione5
- Direction
- positively correlatede5
- Comparator
- grain P concentratione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e5“correlation analysis showed that the grain Zn concentration was positively correlated with the grain P concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
1,000 grain weight was not significantly correlated with grain P concentration
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 1,000 grain weighte6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- P concentration in wheat grainse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e6“The correlation between P concentration in wheat grains and 1,000 grain weight was not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
1,000 grain weight was positively correlated with tillers per plant, grain yield and biological yield
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- 1,000 grains weighte7
- Direction
- positively correlatede7
- Comparator
- tillers per plant, grain yield, and biological yielde7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e7“A total of 1,000 grains weight was positively correlated with tillers per plant, grain yield, and biological yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was positively correlated with biological yield, grain yield and tillers per plant
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- protein contente7
- Direction
- positive correlationse7
- Comparator
- biological yield, grain yield, and tillers per plante7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e7“There were positive correlations between protein content, biological yield, grain yield, and tillers per plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied Zn with foliar application is crucial for improving wheat yield and grain quality in alkaline soils with limited Zn availability
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- soil-applied Zn + foliar applicatione7
- Outcome
- wheat yield and grain qualitye7
- Setting
- alkaline soilse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Enhancing wheat production and quality in alkaline soil”
e7“soil-applied Zn + foliar application in alkaline soils with limited Zn availability is crucial for improving wheat yield and grain quality”
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