Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main foods globally. Nutrition problems associated with Zinc and Iron deficiency affect more than two billion individuals. Biofortification is a strategy believed to be sustainable, economical and easily implemented. This study evaluated the effect of combined Zn and Fe applied as foliar fertilizer to winter wheat on grain yield, quality, Zn and Fe concentration in the grains. Results showed that treatments containing high Fe increased the yield. Grain crude fat content remained unaffected. Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe). Moreover, 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein. Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain. In addition, Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year, but a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain. Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High Fe treatments increased wheat yield.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- treatments containing high Fee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatments containing high Fe increased the yield”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain crude fat content was unaffected.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Grain crude fat contente0
- Direction
- remained unaffectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain crude fat content remained unaffected”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 treatment enhanced crude fiber up to threefold.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5e0
- Outcome
- Crude fibere0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- three-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude fiber was enhanced up to three-fold by 60% Zn + 40% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 60% Zn + 40% Fe)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 combination was best for increasing crude protein.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5e0
- Outcome
- crude proteine0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“80% Zn + 20% Fe5.5 (5.5 kg ha−1 of 80% Zn + 20% Fe) was the best combination for increasing crude protein”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc alone enhanced grain Zn concentration.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zinc applied alonee0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in graine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc applied alone enhanced Zn concentration in grain”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn and Fe application slightly improved grain Fe in the first year.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- application of Zn and Fee0
- Outcome
- Fee0
- Direction
- slightly improvede0
- Qualifier
- first yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fe was slightly improved by an application of Zn and Fe in the first year”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The second year showed a greater increase in grain Fe, with 100% Fe13 best.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 100% Fe13e0
- Outcome
- Fe in graine0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a greater increase was observed in the second year, where 100% Fe13 (13 kg ha−1 of 100% Fe) was the best in improving Fe in grain”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar Zn and Fe application was recommended to improve wheat grain Zn, Fe, and quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of Zn and Fe is a practical approach to increase Zn and Fe concentration, and to improve the quality of wheat grains”
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