Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 concentration is elevated globally, which has “CO2 fertilization effects” and potentially improves plant photosynthesis, yield, and productivity. Despite the beneficial effect of CO2 fertilization being modulated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), the underlying mechanism is highly uncertain. In the present study, the potential roles of hormones in determining CO2 fertilization effects under contrasting high and low VPD conditions were investigated by integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses. Beneficial CO2 fertilization effects were offset under high VPD conditions and were constrained by plant water stress and photosynthetic CO2 utilization. High VPD induced a large passive water driving force, which disrupted the water balance and consequently caused plant water deficit. Leaf water potential, turgor pressure, and hydraulic conductance declined under high VPD stress. The physiological evidence combined with transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) potentially acted as drought-signaling molecules in response to high VPD stress. Increased foliar ABA and JA content triggered stomatal closure to prevent excessive water loss under high VPD stress, which simultaneously increased the diffusion resistance for CO2 uptake from atmosphere to leaf intercellular space. High VPD also significantly increased mesophyll resistance for CO2 transport from stomatal cavity to fixation site inside chloroplast. The chloroplast “sink” CO2 availability was constrained by stomatal and mesophyll resistance under high VPD stress, despite the atmospheric “source” CO2 concentration being elevated. Thus, ABA- and JA-mediated drought-resistant mechanisms potentially modified the beneficial effect of CO2 fertilization on photosynthesis, plant growth, and yield productivity. This study provides valuable information for improving the utilization efficiency of CO2 fertilization and a better understanding of the physiological processes.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
High VPD offset beneficial CO2 fertilization effects.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- high VPD conditionse0
- Outcome
- CO2 fertilization effectse0
- Direction
- offsete0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Beneficial CO2 fertilization effects were offset under high VPD conditions”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High VPD disrupted water balance and caused plant water deficit.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High VPDe0
- Outcome
- plant water deficite0
- Qualifier
- disrupted the water balancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High VPD induced a large passive water driving force, which disrupted the water balance and consequently caused plant water deficit.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf water potential, turgor and hydraulic conductance declined under high VPD.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high VPD stresse0
- Outcome
- Leaf water potential, turgor pressure, and hydraulic conductancee0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaf water potential, turgor pressure, and hydraulic conductance declined under high VPD stress.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA and JA may act as drought signals under high VPD.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA)e0
- Outcome
- drought-signaling moleculese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) potentially acted as drought-signaling molecules in response to high VPD stress.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher foliar ABA and JA triggered stomatal closure under high VPD.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high VPD stresse0
- Compound
- ABA and JAe0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased foliar ABA and JA content triggered stomatal closure to prevent excessive water loss under high VPD stress”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stomatal closure increased resistance to atmospheric CO2 uptake.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- diffusion resistance for CO2 uptakee0
- Qualifier
- leaf intercellular spacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which simultaneously increased the diffusion resistance for CO2 uptake from atmosphere to leaf intercellular space.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High VPD significantly increased mesophyll resistance to CO2 transport.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- High VPDe0
- Outcome
- mesophyll resistance for CO2 transporte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High VPD also significantly increased mesophyll resistance for CO2 transport from stomatal cavity to fixation site inside chloroplast.”
t0“tomato plants”
Claim · model-written summary
High VPD constrained chloroplast CO2 availability through stomatal and mesophyll resistance.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- high VPD stresse0
- Outcome
- chloroplast “sink” CO2 availabilitye0
- Qualifier
- stomatal and mesophyll resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The chloroplast “sink” CO2 availability was constrained by stomatal and mesophyll resistance under high VPD stress”
t0“tomato plants”
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