Abstract
This work accounts for the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a stabilizing and reducing agent. The preliminary confirmation of synthesized Fe3O4NPs was done by UV-visible spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 190 to 900 nm. The crystalline nature of Fe3O4 NPs was established via X-ray diffraction analysis. FT-IR studies reveal the bioactive phytochemicals present in the Moringa leaf extract based Fe3O4 NPs. A DLS particle size analyser was used to determine the size of green synthesized Fe3O4 NPs and its spherical morphology was determined by using SEM and TEM techniques. The growth of Brassica oleracea var. italica seedlings was measured by analysing biophysical and biochemical parameters in two concentrations of Fe3O4 NPs i.e. 15 mg/L and 30 mg/L alone and in combination with cadmium. Treatments were designated as control C, NP1, NP2, Cd+NP1, Cd+NP2, and Cd. Fe3O4 NPs treated broccoli seedlings showed noteworthy improvement in shoot length, root length, plant biomass, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, protein content, and nitrate reductase activity, while decline in electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, proline content, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity was reported as compared to control. Exposure of iron oxide nano-treatments was found efficacious in reducing cadmium accumulation at a concentration of 30 mg/L. The seedlings exposed to NP2 (30 mg/L) concentration of green synthesized nano iron oxide increased nutrient uptake and thus stimulating plant growth, and also improved morphological and physiological characteristics of Brassica oleracea seedlings. Therefore, the present study reported that bio-based iron oxide nanoparticles were significantly useful for plant growth, by enhancing the plant defense mechanism in response to cadmium induced toxicity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 NPs increased shoot length, root length and plant biomass of broccoli seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae2 - Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPse2
- Outcome
- shoot length, root length, plant biomasse2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fe3O4 NPs treated broccoli seedlings showed noteworthy improvement in shoot length, root length, plant biomass, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, protein content, and nitrate reductase activity”
e3“as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 NPs increased total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and total soluble sugars of broccoli seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPse2
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugarse2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fe3O4 NPs treated broccoli seedlings showed noteworthy improvement in shoot length, root length, plant biomass, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, protein content, and nitrate reductase activity”
e3“as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 NPs increased protein content and nitrate reductase activity of broccoli seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPse2
- Outcome
- protein content, and nitrate reductase activitye2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fe3O4 NPs treated broccoli seedlings showed noteworthy improvement in shoot length, root length, plant biomass, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, protein content, and nitrate reductase activity”
e3“as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 NPs declined electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and proline content of broccoli seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPse2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, proline contente5
- Direction
- declinee5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fe3O4 NPs treated broccoli seedlings showed noteworthy improvement in shoot length”
e5“while decline in electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, proline content, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity was reported as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fe3O4 NPs declined superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of broccoli seedlings compared with control.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae2
- Treatment
- Fe3O4 NPse2
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activitye5
- Direction
- declinee5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Fe3O4 NPs treated broccoli seedlings showed noteworthy improvement in shoot length”
e5“while decline in electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, proline content, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity was reported as compared to control”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to iron oxide nano-treatments at 30 mg/L reduced cadmium accumulation in the seedlings.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- iron oxide nano-treatmentse6
- Outcome
- cadmium accumulatione6
- Direction
- reducinge6
- Qualifier
- at a concentration of 30 mg/Le6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The growth of Brassica oleracea var. italica seedlings was measured”
e6“Exposure of iron oxide nano-treatments was found efficacious in reducing cadmium accumulation at a concentration of 30 mg/L”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings exposed to NP2 (30 mg/L) of green-synthesized nano iron oxide showed increased nutrient uptake.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- NP2 (30 mg/L) concentration of green synthesized nano iron oxidee7
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The growth of Brassica oleracea var. italica seedlings was measured”
e7“The seedlings exposed to NP2 (30 mg/L) concentration of green synthesized nano iron oxide increased nutrient uptake”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that bio-based iron oxide nanoparticles were significantly useful for plant growth by enhancing the plant defence mechanism under cadmium toxicity.
- Taxon
- Brassica oleracea var. italicaBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- bio-based iron oxide nanoparticlese2
- Outcome
- plant growthe2
- Qualifier
- enhancing the plant defense mechanism in response to cadmium induced toxicitye2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The growth of Brassica oleracea var. italica seedlings was measured”
e2“the present study reported that bio-based iron oxide nanoparticles were significantly useful for plant growth, by enhancing the plant defense mechanism in response to cadmium induced toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
The crystalline nature of the green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles was established by X-ray diffraction.
- Outcome
- crystalline naturee1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“The crystalline nature of Fe3O4 NPs was established via X-ray diffraction analysis”
Claim · model-written summary
FT-IR analysis revealed bioactive phytochemicals present in the Moringa leaf extract-based Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
- Outcome
- bioactive phytochemicals present in the Moringa leaf extract based Fe3O4 NPse1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“FT-IR studies reveal the bioactive phytochemicals present in the Moringa leaf extract based Fe3O4 NPs”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron microscopy showed a spherical morphology of the green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
- Outcome
- spherical morphologye1
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e1“its spherical morphology was determined by using SEM and TEM techniques”
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