Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (Kharif) season of 2017 to 2019 at Jodhpur, Rajasthan to find the herbicide effective for mungbean [Vigna radiate (l.) R. Wilczek] in arid regions. The treatments comprised pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides along with hand-weeding, weed-free, and unweeded. Results re- vealed that, weed-control treatments brought about a 48.973.3% reduction in total weeds density and 46.8 80.1% reduction in dry weed weight at harvesting as compared to unweeded control. Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha, being at par to other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding, resulted in significantly lowest total weed density (24.1/m2) and total weed dry weight (66.6 g/m2) with highest weed-control efficiency (80.1%) and showed the lowest values of weed index (18.4). Moreover, post-emergence application of clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha also exhibited weed-control efficiency (73.2%) and weed index (21.0) at par with other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding. Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2), pods/plant (24.7), 1,000-seed weight (55.2 g), seed yield (840 kg/ha), and stover yield (2,563 kg/ha). Application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha also registered highest gross returns (`58.08 103/ha) and net returns (`42.58 103/ha) which were comparable to returns recorded under clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha. Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha being comparable with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha was also found superior in terms of impact assessment indices.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-control treatments reduced total weed density 48.973.3% versus unweeded control.
- Taxon
- mungbean
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Treatment
- weed-control treatmentse0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- total weeds densitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 48.973.3%e0
- Comparator
- unweeded controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“weed-control treatments brought about a 48.973.3% reduction in total weeds density”
e1“weed-control treatments brought about a 48.973.3% reduction in total weeds density and 46.8 80.1% reduction in dry weed weight at harvesting as compared to unweeded control”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-control treatments reduced dry weed weight 46.8 80.1% versus unweeded control.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- weed-control treatmentse1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- dry weed weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 46.8 80.1%e0
- Comparator
- unweeded controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“46.8 80.1% reduction in dry weed weight at harvesting as compared to unweeded control”
e1“weed-control treatments brought about a 48.973.3% reduction in total weeds density and 46.8 80.1% reduction in dry weed weight at harvesting as compared to unweeded control”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr gave the lowest total weed density, 24.1/m2.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed densitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 24.1/m2e0
- Comparator
- other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha, being at par to other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding, resulted in significantly lowest total weed density (24.1/m2)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr gave the lowest total weed dry weight, 66.6 g/m2.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./hae1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- total weed dry weighte0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 66.6 g/m2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total weed dry weight (66.6 g/m2) with highest weed-control efficiency (80.1%) and showed the lowest values of weed index (18.4)”
e1“Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr achieved highest weed-control efficiency of 80.1%.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./hae1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 80.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest weed-control efficiency (80.1%)”
e1“Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr gave the lowest weed index, 18.4.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./hae1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed indexe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 18.4e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“showed the lowest values of weed index (18.4)”
e1“Post-emergence application of propaquizafop + imazethapyr @125 g a.i./ha”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop-propargyl plus sodium acifluorfen achieved 73.2% weed-control efficiency.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed-control efficiencye0
- Value
- 73.2%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha also exhibited weed-control efficiency (73.2%)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop-propargyl plus sodium acifluorfen produced a weed index of 21.0.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./hae1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed indexe0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 21.0e0
- Comparator
- other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weedinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed index (21.0) at par with other imazethapyr treatments and hand-weeding”
e1“clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha also exhibited weed-control efficiency (73.2%)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr significantly increased crop dry weight to 542 g/m2.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- crop dry weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 542 g/m2e0
- Comparator
- clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-freee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr produced 24.7 pods per plant.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- pods/plante0
- Value
- 24.7e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pods/plant (24.7), 1,000-seed weight (55.2 g), seed yield (840 kg/ha), and stover yield (2,563 kg/ha)”
e1“Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr produced 1,000-seed weight of 55.2 g.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- 1,000-seed weighte0
- Value
- 55.2 ge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1,000-seed weight (55.2 g), seed yield (840 kg/ha), and stover yield (2,563 kg/ha)”
e1“Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr produced seed yield of 840 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Value
- 840 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield (840 kg/ha), and stover yield (2,563 kg/ha)”
e1“Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr produced stover yield of 2,563 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./hae1
- Outcome
- stover yielde0
- Value
- 2,563 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stover yield (2,563 kg/ha)”
e1“Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha, being at par with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha and weed-free recorded significantly higher crop dry weight (542 g/m2)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr gave the highest gross returns, `58.08 103/ha.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“highest gross returns (`58.08 103/ha) and net returns (`42.58 103/ha)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr gave the highest net returns, `42.58 103/ha.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“net returns (`42.58 103/ha)”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
Claim · model-written summary
Propaquizafop plus imazethapyr was superior on impact assessment indices and comparable to clodinafop plus sodium acifluorfen.
- Taxon
- mungbeanVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./hae0
- Outcome
- impact assessment indicese0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Propaquizafop + imazethapyr @ 125 g a.i./ha being comparable with clodinafop-propargyl + sodium-acifluorfen @ 312.5 g a.i./ha was also found superior in terms of impact assessment indices”
t0“Weed control efficacy of different post-emergence herbicides in mungbean (Vigna radiata) in hot arid regions”
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