Abstract
The application of biostimulants based on hydrolysed animal protein to leaves (foliar) or nutrient solution was studied on hydroponically grown Genovese 'Marian' basil grown under salinity conditions. The effect on N yield and N fertilizer utilization was tested with the stable isotope 15N, which indicated the part of the plant that accumulated the highest amount of N. The use of the biostimulant in the nutrient solution produced the best results regarding N fertilizer utilization and N yield, being about 13 % higher than the foliar application and 24 % higher than the salt control (SC) treatment. In general, basil leaves contained the most N from the fertilizer. The total analysed phenolic content (TAPC) was 270.1 % higher in the nutrient solution-applied biostimulant (NSB) than in the control (C) treatment and 211.9 % higher than in the SC treatment. Foliar application of the biostimulant (FB) showed lower efficacy than NSB regarding phenolic contents. The most abundant individual phenolics in basil were dihydroxyphenyllactic acid dimer, caffeic acid hexoside derivatives, and rosmarinic acid. NSB increased the total sesquiterpene content by 25.2 % and the total alcohol content by 31.8 % compared to SC treatment. In addition, NSB increased the total aldehydes content by 27.0 % compared to SC treatment. The total volatile content was less variable than the individual volatiles. The results of our study show how different application methods of the biostimulant affect nitrogen conversion and utilization in different plant parts of basil and how they influence the internal quality of basil.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant application gave about 13 % higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization and nitrogen yield than foliar application.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.
Ocimum basilicumt0 - Treatment
- biostimulant in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer utilization and N yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 13 %e0
- Comparator
- foliar applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of the biostimulant in the nutrient solution produced the best results regarding N fertilizer utilization and N yield, being about 13 % higher than the foliar application”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant application gave 24 % higher nitrogen fertilizer utilization and nitrogen yield than the salt control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- biostimulant in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- N fertilizer utilization and N yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 24 %e0
- Comparator
- salt control (SC) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of the biostimulant in the nutrient solution produced the best results regarding N fertilizer utilization and N yield, being about 13 % higher than the foliar application and 24 % higher than the salt control (SC) treatment”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Basil leaves contained the most fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- N from the fertilizere0
- Direction
- moste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, basil leaves contained the most N from the fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant raised total analysed phenolics 270.1 % over the control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution-applied biostimulant (NSB)e0
- Outcome
- total analysed phenolic content (TAPC)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 270.1 %e0
- Comparator
- control (C) treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total analysed phenolic content (TAPC) was 270.1 % higher in the nutrient solution-applied biostimulant (NSB) than in the control (C) treatment”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant raised total analysed phenolics 211.9 % over the salt control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution-applied biostimulant (NSB)e0
- Outcome
- total analysed phenolic content (TAPC)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 211.9 %e0
- Comparator
- SC treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total analysed phenolic content (TAPC) was 270.1 % higher in the nutrient solution-applied biostimulant (NSB) than in the control (C) treatment and 211.9 % higher than in the SC treatment”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar biostimulant application was less effective than nutrient solution application for phenolic content.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of the biostimulant (FB)e0
- Outcome
- phenolic contentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- NSBe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of the biostimulant (FB) showed lower efficacy than NSB regarding phenolic contents”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The most abundant individual basil phenolics were dihydroxyphenyllactic acid dimer, caffeic acid hexoside derivatives and rosmarinic acid.
- Taxon
- basilOcimum basilicume0
- Outcome
- dihydroxyphenyllactic acid dimer, caffeic acid hexoside derivatives, and rosmarinic acide0
- Direction
- most abundante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most abundant individual phenolics in basil were dihydroxyphenyllactic acid dimer, caffeic acid hexoside derivatives, and rosmarinic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant increased total sesquiterpenes 25.2 % versus salt control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- NSBe0
- Outcome
- total sesquiterpene contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.2 %e0
- Comparator
- SC treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSB increased the total sesquiterpene content by 25.2 % and the total alcohol content by 31.8 % compared to SC treatment”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant increased total alcohols 31.8 % versus salt control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- NSBe0
- Outcome
- total alcohol contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 31.8 %e0
- Comparator
- SC treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSB increased the total sesquiterpene content by 25.2 % and the total alcohol content by 31.8 % compared to SC treatment”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution biostimulant increased total aldehydes 27.0 % versus salt control.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Treatment
- NSBe0
- Outcome
- total aldehydes contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 27.0 %e0
- Comparator
- SC treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSB increased the total aldehydes content by 27.0 % compared to SC treatment”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total volatile content varied less than individual volatiles.
- Taxon
- Ocimum basilicum L.Ocimum basilicumt0
- Outcome
- total volatile contente0
- Direction
- less variablee0
- Comparator
- individual volatilese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total volatile content was less variable than the individual volatiles”
t0“Ocimum basilicum L.”
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