Abstract
To investigate the effect of various levels of salinity and biochar on the growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L., a medicinal plant, a factorial experiment with three levels of biochar (0, 2, and 4%) and four levels of salinity (0, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 mg/kg soil) was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions, in three replications, 36 pots, and 6 plants/plot. Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth and Ca and K uptake, and chlorophyll content of the plants, and increased the Na+, Cl−, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPX) activities. Biochar improved all the vegetative and reproductive growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L. and enhanced soil fertility. The application of biochar at the rate of 2% at all four levels of NaCl reduced the activity of antioxidants and decreased electrolyte leakage, reflecting the alleviation of salinity effects and the retention of cell health for survival. The application of biochar 2% was more effective than biochar 4% in alleviating salinity stress. Therefore, by using 2% biochar, it is possible to improve saline soils (soils containing 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg NaCl) and grow periwinkle ornamental-medicinal plant in it. The plants showed acceptable performance at salinity levels of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg with biochar 2%.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced vegetative and reproductive growth.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.
Catharanthus roseust0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced Ca and K uptake.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- Ca and K uptakee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth and Ca and K uptake”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth and Ca and K uptake, and chlorophyll content”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased Na+ and Cl−.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- Salinityt1
- Outcome
- Na+, Cl−e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the Na+, Cl−”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
t1“Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- Salinityt1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the Na+, Cl−, electrolyte leakage”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
t1“Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased SOD, CAT and GPX activities.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- Salinityt1
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPX) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the Na+, Cl−, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT, GPX) activities”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
t1“Salinity reduced the vegetative and reproductive growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar improved vegetative and reproductive growth.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseuse0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar improved all the vegetative and reproductive growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar improved biochemical traits.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseuse0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- biochemical traitse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar improved all the vegetative and reproductive growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Biochar enhanced soil fertility.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseuse0
- Treatment
- Biochare0
- Outcome
- soil fertilitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biochar improved all the vegetative and reproductive growth and biochemical traits of Catharanthus roseus L. and enhanced soil fertility”
Claim · model-written summary
Two percent biochar reduced antioxidant activity at all four NaCl levels.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- biochar at the rate of 2%e0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- at all four levels of NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar at the rate of 2% at all four levels of NaCl reduced the activity of antioxidants”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two percent biochar decreased electrolyte leakage at all four NaCl levels.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- biochar at the rate of 2%e0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at all four levels of NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar at the rate of 2% at all four levels of NaCl reduced the activity of antioxidants and decreased electrolyte leakage”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Two percent biochar alleviated salinity stress more effectively than four percent.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Treatment
- biochar 2%e0
- Outcome
- alleviating salinity stresse0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- biochar 4%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biochar 2% was more effective than biochar 4% in alleviating salinity stress”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants had acceptable performance at 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg salinity with two percent biochar.
- Taxon
- Catharanthus roseus L.Catharanthus roseust0
- Outcome
- acceptable performancee0
- Qualifier
- salinity levels of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg with biochar 2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plants showed acceptable performance at salinity levels of 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg with biochar 2%”
t0“periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend two percent biochar for saline soils and periwinkle cultivation.
Verbatim
e0“by using 2% biochar, it is possible to improve saline soils (soils containing 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg NaCl) and grow periwinkle ornamental-medicinal plant in it”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →salinity · nutrient: content · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: oxidative · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
salinity · physiology: pigments · Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.